ADAR1 suppression causes interferon signaling and transposable element transcript accumulation in human astrocytes.

ADAR1 suppression causes interferon signaling and transposable element transcript accumulation in human astrocytes.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2023.1263369
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
LaRocca, Thomas J.
LaRocca, Thomas J.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McEntee, Cali M.;Cavalier, Alyssa N.;LaRocca, Thomas J.

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神经炎症是大脑衰老和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的核心机制,但与年龄和 AD 相关的神经炎症的确切原因尚不完全清楚。神经炎症的一个潜在调节剂是作用于 RNA 1 (ADAR1) 的腺苷脱氨酶,它调节内源性双链 RNA (dsRNA)(一种促炎/先天免疫激活剂)的积累。然而,ADAR1 及其转录组靶标在星形胶质细胞(神经炎症的关键介质)中的作用尚未得到全面研究。在这里,我们通过 siRNA 转染敲低原代人星形胶质细胞中的 ADAR1,并使用转录组学 (RNA-seq) 证明这会导致:(1) I 型干扰素和促炎信号通路的表达增加,以及 (2) 转座元件 (TE) 转录物的积累,并有可能形成 dsRNA。我们还表明,我们的发现可能具有临床相关性,因为 ADAR1 基因表达随着人类大脑衰老和 AD 的增加而下降,这与 TE 转录本的类似增加有关。总之,我们的结果表明,ADAR1 在防止星形胶质细胞响应内源性 dsRNA 的促炎症激活与衰老和 AD 方面发挥重要作用。
Neuroinflammation is a central mechanism of brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the exact causes of age- and AD-related neuroinflammation are incompletely understood. One potential modulator of neuroinflammation is the enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), which regulates the accumulation of endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a pro-inflammatory/innate immune activator. However, the role of ADAR1 and its transcriptomic targets in astrocytes, key mediators of neuroinflammation, have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we knock down ADAR1 in primary human astrocytes via siRNA transfection and use transcriptomics (RNA-seq) to show that this results in: (1) increased expression of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and (2) an accumulation of transposable element (TE) transcripts with the potential to form dsRNA. We also show that our findings may be clinically relevant, as ADAR1 gene expression declines with brain aging and AD in humans, and this is associated with a similar increase in TE transcripts. Together, our results suggest an important role for ADAR1 in preventing pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes in response to endogenous dsRNA with aging and AD.
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