How Virtual Hand Representations Affect the Perceptions of Dynamic Affordances in Virtual Reality
How Virtual Hand Representations Affect the Perceptions of Dynamic Affordances in Virtual Reality
复制标题
DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2023.3247041
复制
发表时间：
2023-05-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Babu，Sabarish V. V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Venkatakrishnan，Roshan;Venkatakrishnan，Rohith;Babu，Sabarish V. V.
用户表示对于虚拟体验至关重要，并且涉及用于支持交互的输入设备以及用户如何在场景中虚拟表示。受以前的工作，用户表示相对静态的启示的看法的影响，我们试图研究如何影响终端效应器表示的启示，随着时间的推移动态变化的看法。为此，我们经验性地评估了不同的虚拟手表示如何影响用户在对象检索任务中对动态示能表示的感知，其中用户的任务是从盒子中检索目标进行多次试验，同时避免与其移动门发生碰撞。我们雇用了一个3（虚拟末端执行器表示）X 13（移动门的频率）X 2（目标对象大小）多因子设计，操纵输入模态及其伴随的虚拟末端效应器表示作为跨三个实验条件的受试者之间的因子：（使用表示为虚拟控制器的控制器）;（2）控制器手（使用表示为虚拟手的控制器）;（3）手套（使用表示为虚拟手的手跟踪高保真手套）。结果表明，双手条件下产生的性能水平低于其他两种条件。此外，在这种情况下，用户在试验中表现出校准其性能的能力减弱。总的来说，我们发现，将末端执行器表示为手往往会增加实施例，但也可能以性能为代价，或者由于虚拟表示与所使用的输入模态之间的不一致映射而增加工作量。因此，VR系统设计人员在为用户选择沉浸式虚拟体验中体现的末端效应器表示类型时，应仔细考虑正在开发的应用程序的优先级和目标要求。
User representations are critical to the virtual experience, and involve both the input device used to support interactions as well as how the user is virtually represented in the scene. Inspired by previous work that has shown effects of user representations on the perceptions of relatively static affordances, we attempt to investigate how end-effector representations affect the perceptions of affordances that dynamically change over time. Towards this end, we empirically evaluated how different virtual hand representations affect users' perceptions of dynamic affordances in an object retrieval task wherein users were tasked with retrieving a target from a box for a number of trials while avoiding collisions with its moving doors. We employed a 3 (virtual end-effector representation) X 13 (frequency of moving doors) X 2 (target object size) multi-factorial design, manipulating the input modality and its concomitant virtual end-effector representation as a between-subjects factor across three experimental conditions: (1) Controller (using a controller represented as a virtual controller); (2) Controller-hand (using a controller represented as a virtual hand); (3) Glove (using a hand tracked hi-fidelity glove represented as a virtual hand). Results indicated that the controller-hand condition produced lower levels of performance than both the other conditions. Furthermore, users in this condition exhibited a diminished ability to calibrate their performance over trials. Overall, we find that representing the end-effector as a hand tends to increase embodiment but can also come at the cost of performance, or an increased workload due to a discordant mapping between the virtual representation and the input modality used. It follows that VR system designers should carefully consider the priorities and target requirements of the application being developed when choosing the type of end-effector representation for users to embody in immersive virtual experiences.