Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure moral distress in community pharmacists.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure moral distress in community pharmacists.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11096-016-0413-3
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Gallagher CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Astbury JL;Gallagher CT
背景药剂师在一个高度管制的职业领域工作，并受到严格的法律的框架和职业行为准则的约束。这种监管环境创造了道德困境的可能性，因为它限制了人们按照道德判断行事。很少有关于这一现象的研究已经进行了药学：因此，突出的研究差距已经出现了一个强大的工具来衡量和量化的职业道德困扰的发展。目的编制社区药师道德困扰量表。在英国开设社区药房。方法采用三阶段探索性序贯混合设计。然后进行了三个半结构化的焦点小组，让药剂师识别和探索的情况下，造成道德困扰。每一个确定的场景都被发展成一个陈述，并与两个7分制的李克特量表配对，分别测量痛苦的频率和强度。内容效度，信度和结构效度都进行了测试，并完善了问卷。主要成果衡量标准成功开发了在联合王国使用的有效工具。结果这项研究导致了一个有效的和可靠的工具来衡量在英国的社区药剂师的道德困扰的发展。调查表已经分发给大量社区药剂师。结论从这个分布的结果将被用来告知制定应对策略，处理道德困扰。
Background Pharmacists work within a highly-regulated occupational sphere, and are bound by strict legal frameworks and codes of professional conduct. This regulatory environment creates the potential for moral distress to occur due to the limitations it places on acting in congruence with moral judgements. Very little research regarding this phenomenon has been undertaken in pharmacy: thus, prominent research gaps have arisen for the development of a robust tool to measure and quantify moral distress experienced in the profession. Objective The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure moral distress in community pharmacists. Setting Community pharmacies in the United Kingdom. Method This study adopted a three-phase exploratory sequential mixed-method design. Three semi-structured focus groups were then conducted to allow pharmacists to identify and explore scenarios that cause moral distress. Each of the identified scenarios were developed into a statement, which was paired with twin seven-point Likert scales to measure the frequency and intensity of the distress, respectively. Content validity, reliability, and construct validity were all tested, and the questionnaire was refined. Main outcome measure The successful development of the valid instrument for use in the United Kingdom. Results This research has led to the development of a valid and reliable instrument to measure moral distress in community pharmacists in the UK. The questionnaire has already been distributed to a large sample of community pharmacists. Conclusion Results from this distribution will be used to inform the formulation of coping strategies for dealing with moral distress.