NEUROMUSCULAR BASIS OF COURTSHIP SONG IN DROSOPHILA - ROLE OF INDIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES
NEUROMUSCULAR BASIS OF COURTSHIP SONG IN DROSOPHILA - ROLE OF INDIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00656637
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
EWING, AW
中科院分区：
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作者：
EWING, AW
雄性黑腹瓢虫发出的求偶歌曲由160赫兹的音调爆发（正弦歌）和3毫秒单周期脉冲序列组成，脉冲间隔（ipi）为34毫秒（脉冲歌）。这些声音是由一只展翅的小振幅振动产生的。通过在这些肌肉单元中植入电极并记录求爱歌声时的电活动，研究了间接飞行肌肉的作用。在飞行过程中，运动单元的放电模式受到两个因素的影响：所有单元的共同兴奋导致它们的平均放电速率同步波动，以及一些肌肉中单元之间的相互抑制导致放电的相位稳定模式。有证据表明，在正弦歌和脉冲歌中发生了相互抑制。在后者中，相位图在很大程度上受单个声脉冲的时序影响。最简单的情况是2个运动单元在相同或交替的ipi中放电，给出双峰相位分布，峰值在0.5和1.0相位。肌肉电位与随后的声脉冲有关，而与之前的声脉冲无关。其中一个肌肉单元，DVM I，有两种发射模式；要么与其他肌肉单位同步，要么延迟20-25毫秒。在脉冲歌唱过程中，间接飞行肌的肌肉电位的定时是由于与一个未知的肌肉，脉冲定时器肌（PTM）共同兴奋。由于间接肌的收缩不是由运动动作电位引起的，而是由拉伸引起的，因此必须有一些肌肉（PTM）来承担这一功能。指出了脉冲鸣声系统与飞行启动系统的相似性。在正弦歌曲中，间接飞行肌肉受到的刺激频率远低于飞行或脉冲歌曲，有些单位完全处于不活动状态。这导致肌肉产生的能量很少，并解释了低频，低幅度的正弦歌曲。
D. melanogaster males produce courtship songs consisting of tone bursts of 160 Hz (sine song) and pulse trains of 3 ms single cycle pulses at interpulse intervals (ipi) of 34 ms (pulse song). The sounds are produced by small amplitude vibrations of 1 extended wing. The role of the indirect flight muscles was investigated by implanting electrodes into the muscle units and recording the electrical activity during courtship song. During flight the pattern of firing of the motor units is influenced by 2 factors: common excitation of all the units which causes their average rate of firing to fluctuate synchronously, and reciprocal inhibition between the units within some muscles resulting in phase stable patterns of firing. There is evidence of reciprocal inhibition occurring during sine song and pulse song. In the latter, the phase pattern is influenced to a considerable extent by the timing of individual sound pulses. The simplest case is where 2 motor units fire during the same or on alternate ipi giving a bimodal phase distribution with peaks at phases of 0.5 and 1.0. The muscle potentials are related to the subsequent and not the preceding sound pulses. The units within 1 of the muscles, DVM I, have 2 modes of firing; either in synchrony with the other muscle units or with a delay of 20-25 ms. Timing of the muscle potentials in the indirect flight muscles during pulse song is due to shared excitation with an unidentified muscle, the pulse timer muscle (PTM). As contraction of the indirect muscles is initiated not by motor action potentials but by being stretched, some muscle (the PTM) which subserves this function is a necessity. The similarity between the system proposed for pulse song and for flight starting is noted. During sine song the indirect flight muscles are stimulated at a much lower frequency than during either flight or pulse song, and some units remain totally inactive. This results in little power being produced by the muscles and account for the low frequency, low amplitude sine song.