Intact first- and second-order false belief reasoning in a patient with severely impaired grammar
Intact first- and second-order false belief reasoning in a patient with severely impaired grammar
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DOI：
10.1080/17470910601038693
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Humphreys, Glyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Apperly, Ian A.;Samson, Dana;Humphreys, Glyn
尽管语法严重缺失，但仍能保持一阶心理理论。据报道，在两名左半球脑损伤的患者中（Varley & Siegal，2000; Varley，Siegal，& Want，2001）。我们报告第三个，更详细的案例研究。患者PH显示出显著的一般语言障碍和严重的语法障碍，与先前研究中报告的相似。此外，我们能够表明，PH的损害延伸到语法结构最密切相关的ToM在儿童的研究（嵌入式补充条款和关系条款）。尽管如此，PH表现几乎完美的一阶错误信念任务和一个新的非语言的二阶错误信念任务。PH在一个新的“心理理论语义学”测试中也取得了成功，该测试需要评估不同心理状态术语所隐含的确定性。这些数据有力地表明，语法不是成年人外显心理理论推理的必要结构来源，但不排除“心理理论语义学”的关键作用。“反过来，这表明在儿童研究中观察到的语法和心理理论之间的关系是一个完全发展过程的结果。
The retention of first-order theory of mind (ToM) despite severe loss of grammar. has been reported in two patients with left hemisphere brain damage (Varley & Siegal, 2000; Varley, Siegal, & Want, 2001). We report a third, and more detailed, case study. Patient PH shows significant general language impairment, and severe grammatical impairment similar to that reported in previous studies. In addition we were able to show that PH's impairment extends to grammatical constructions most closely related to ToM in studies of children (embedded complement clauses and relative clauses). Despite this, PH performed almost perfectly on first-order false belief tasks and on a novel nonverbal second-order false belief task. PH was also successful on a novel test of "ToM semantics" that required evaluation of the certainty implied by different mental state terms. The data strongly suggest that grammar is not a necessary source of structure for explicit ToM reasoning in adults, but do not rule out a critical role for "ToM semantics." In turn this suggests that the relationship observed between grammar and ToM in studies of children is the result of an exclusively developmental process.