From Bias to Bisexual Health Disparities: Attitudes Toward Bisexual Men and Women in the United States
From Bias to Bisexual Health Disparities: Attitudes Toward Bisexual Men and Women in the United States
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DOI：
10.1089/lgbt.2014.0005
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Reece, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman, M. Reuel;Dodge, Brian;Reece, Michael
目的：一项新出现的文献表明，双性恋男性和女性与异性恋和同性恋个体相比，面临着深刻的健康差距。此外，双性恋者经常遭受来自同性恋和异性恋群体的偏见、耻辱和歧视，被称为“双性恋恐惧症”。“然而，只有有限的研究存在，经验性地测试这种双重歧视的程度和预测因素。双性恋：印第安纳州态度量表（BIAS）的开发，以测试双性恋恐惧症和sexualidentity.Methods之间的关联：使用标准技术，我们开发和管理的规模有目的的在线样本的成年人从广泛的社交网站。我们进行了探索性因素分析，以完善量表评估双性恋男性和双性恋女性的态度，分别。使用广义线性模型，我们评估了BIAS分数和性身份之间的关系，调整协变量。结果：两个单独的性别规模的开发，管理，并完善：BIAS-M（n = 645），侧重于对双性恋男性的态度，和BIAS-F（n = 631），侧重于对双性恋女性的态度。跨尺度，性别认同显着预测响应方差。女同性恋/男同性恋受访者的双重否定态度水平低于异性恋受访者（所有p值< .05）;双性恋受访者的双重否定态度水平低于异性恋受访者（所有p值< .001）;双性恋受访者的双重否定态度水平低于女同性恋/男同性恋受访者（所有p值< .05）。在种族/少数民族的受访者，birthobia/多种族的地位与较低的双阴性scores（所有p值< .05）。结论：这项研究提供了重要的定量支持的理论相关的双恐惧症和双重歧视。我们的研究结果为了解刻板印象和耻辱如何导致双性恋者与异性恋和同性恋者相比在抑郁、焦虑、压力和其他健康结果方面存在巨大差异提供了强有力的证据。我们的研究结果产生了有价值的数据，为社会意识和干预工作提供信息，旨在减少异性恋和男女同性恋社区内的双重消极态度，最终目标是减轻双性恋男性和女性之间的健康差距。
Purpose: A newly emergent literature suggests that bisexual men and women face profound health disparities in comparison to both heterosexual and homosexual individuals. Additionally, bisexual individuals often experience prejudice, stigma, and discrimination from both gay/lesbian and straight communities, termed "biphobia." However, only limited research exists that empirically tests the extent and predictors of this double discrimination. The Bisexualities: Indiana Attitudes Scale (BIAS) was developed to test associations between biphobia and sexual identity.Methods: Using standard techniques, we developed and administered a scale to a purposive online sample of adults from a wide range of social networking websites. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to refine scales assessing attitudes toward bisexual men and bisexual women, respectively. Using generalized linear modeling, we assessed relationships between BIAS scores and sexual identity, adjusting for covariates.Results: Two separately gendered scales were developed, administered, and refined: BIAS-m (n = 645), focusing on attitudes toward bisexual men, and BIAS-f (n = 631), focusing on attitudes toward bisexual women. Across scales, sexual identity significantly predicted response variance. Lesbian/gay respondents had lower levels of bi-negative attitudes than their heterosexual counterparts (all p-values < .05); bisexual respondents had lower levels of bi-negative attitudes than their straight counterparts (all p-values < .001); and bisexual respondents had lower levels of bi-negative attitudes than their lesbian/gay counterparts (all p-values < .05). Within racial/ethnic minority respondents, biracial/multiracial status was associated with lower bi-negativity scores (all p-values < .05).Conclusions: This study provides important quantitative support for theories related to biphobia and double discrimination. Our findings provide strong evidence for understanding how stereotypes and stigma may lead to dramatic disparities in depression, anxiety, stress, and other health outcomes among bisexual individuals in comparison to their heterosexual and homosexual counterparts. Our results yield valuable data for informing social awareness and intervention efforts that aim to decrease bi-negative attitudes within both straight and gay/lesbian communities, with the ultimate goal of alleviating health disparities among bisexual men and women.