The advantage of knowing where to listen
The advantage of knowing where to listen
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DOI：
10.1121/1.2109187
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Gallun, FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kidd, G;Arbogast, TL;Gallun, FJ
本研究考察了在高度不确定的多语者听力情况下，集中注意力在空间（方位）维度上的作用。听者的任务是在另外两名说话者同时说出类似句子的情况下，从目标说话者那里识别出关键词。当听者对目标位置没有先验知识，或者对三个句子中的哪一个是目标句子没有先验知识时，听者的表现相对较差——接近于仅仅选择将注意力集中在三个位置中的一个上所期望的值。当目标句子在审判前被提示，但位置不确定时，相对于未被提示的情况，表现显著提高。当在试验前提供空间位置信息时，无论在提示条件下还是在未提示条件下，性能都有显著提高。在目标位置确定的情况下，与事先是否提示目标无关，比例正确率均高于0.9。与在相对简单的刺激和任务中比较已知和未知空间位置的研究相比，当前的实验结果表明，沿空间维度的注意力焦点在解决“鸡尾酒会”问题中发挥了非常重要的作用。(c) 2005年美国声学学会。
This study examined the role of focused attention along the spatial (azimuthal) dimension in a highly uncertain multitalker listening situation. The task of the listener was to identify key words from a target talker in the presence of two other talkers simultaneously uttering similar sentences. When the listener had no a priori knowledge about target location, or which of the three sentences was the target sentence, performance was relatively poor-near the value expected simply from choosing to focus attention on only one of the three locations. When the target sentence was cued before the trial, but location was uncertain, performance improved significantly relative to the uncued case. When spatial location information was provided before the trial, performance improved significantly for both cued and uncued conditions. If the location of the target was certain, proportion correct identification performance was higher than 0.9 independent of whether the target was cued beforehand. In contrast to studies in which known versus unknown spatial locations were compared for relatively simple stimuli and tasks, the results of the current experiments suggest that the focus of attention along the spatial dimension can play a very significant role in solving the "cocktail party" problem. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society, of America.