ORIENTING OF ATTENTION
ORIENTING OF ATTENTION
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DOI：
10.1080/00335558008248231
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
POSNER, MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
POSNER, MI
巴特利特认为思考是一种高水平的技能，表现出弹道特性，他称之为不归点。认知的一个方面是通过使用一个简单的模型任务，其中要求人类受试者将注意力集中到视觉空间中的一个位置而不是固定来研究的。这个指令是通过定向一个隐蔽（注意力）机制来执行的，这个机制似乎对外部事件有足够的时间锁定，它的轨迹可以在检测刺激的效率的瞬间变化方面在整个视野中被追踪。与警觉的猴子，脑损伤和正常的人类受试者所获得的结果的比较表明，这种隐蔽系统的扫视眼球运动和各种大脑系统控制的感知和运动的关系。根据Bartlett的见解，探讨了类似的原则适用于将注意力定向到感觉输入和定向到思维中使用的语义结构的可能性。
Bartlett viewed thinking as a high level skill exhibiting ballistic properties that he called its point of no return. One aspect of cognition was studied through the use of a simple model task in which human subjects are asked to commit attention to a position in visual space other than fixation. This instruction is executed by orienting a covert (attentional) mechanism that seems sufficiently time-locked to external events that its trajectory can be traced across the visual field in terms of momentary changes in the efficiency of detecting stimuli. A comparison of results obtained with alert monkeys, brain injured and normal human subjects shows the relationship of this covert system to saccadic eye movements and to various brain systems controlling perception and motion. In accordance with Bartlett''s insight, the possibility is explored that similar principles apply to orienting of attention toward sensory input and orienting to the semantic structures used in thinking.