New Oil Developments in a Remote Area: Environmental Justice and Participation in Turkana, Kenya
New Oil Developments in a Remote Area: Environmental Justice and Participation in Turkana, Kenya
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偏远地区的新石油开发：肯尼亚图尔卡纳的环境正义和参与
DOI：
10.1177/1070496519857776
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Augustine Lokwang Ekitela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Mkutu;Tessa Mkutu;M. Marani;Augustine Lokwang Ekitela
最近在东非发现的石油和天然气通常发生在边缘和不发达地区，例如肯尼亚的图尔卡纳，一个主要由牧民居住的干旱县。由于新兴碳氢化合物行业的政治参与度低，治理框架薄弱，牧民面临着流离失所、环境危害、被排除在决策和利益分享安排之外的问题。他们的利益进一步被精英控制和由国际行动者支持的强有力的国家发展议程边缘化。社区成员通过抗议表达了他们对投资者和政府的不满，扰乱了公司的运营。这项工作认为，国家缺乏环境正义的两个支柱，参与和承认，应该追求真正的参与，以避免破坏社区能力和冲突。由于历史上存在对国家及其盟友的反对，县政府应该考虑与县内值得信赖的提供者密切合作，即基于信仰的组织及其公民社会同行，以带来更真实的参与，社区赋权，最终实现更好的治理，公平分配利益和损害。
Recent discoveries of oil and gas in eastern Africa often happen in marginalized and underdeveloped areas, such as Turkana, Kenya, an arid county inhabited predominantly by pastoralists. As a result of low political participation and weak governance frameworks for the emerging hydrocarbon industry, the pastoralists face displacement from land, exposure to environmental hazards, and exclusion from decision-making and benefit-sharing arrangements. Their interests are further sidelined by elite capture and a strong national development agenda supported by international actors. Community members have aired their grievances against both the investor and the state through protests, disrupting company operations. This work argues that two of the pillars of environmental justice, participation and recognition, are lacking in the county and that authentic participation should be pursued to avoid destruction of community capabilities and conflict. Because there is historical opposition to the state and its allies, the county government should consider working closely with trusted providers in the county, namely, faith-based organizations and their civil society counterparts, to bring about more authentic participation, community empowerment, and ultimately better governance for just distribution of benefits and harms.