An Overview of Biological Applications and Fundamentals of New Inlet and Vacuum Ionization Technologies.
An Overview of Biological Applications and Fundamentals of New Inlet and Vacuum Ionization Technologies.
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DOI：
10.1002/rcm.8829
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发表时间：
2020-03
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通讯作者：
S. Trimpin;Darrell D. Marshall;Santosh Karki;Sara Madarshahian;K. Hoang;A. Meher;M. Pophristic;Alicia L. Richards;Christopher B. Lietz;Joshua L. Fischer;E. Elia;Beixi Wang;Vincent S. Pagnotti;Corinne A. Lutomski;T. J. El‐Baba;I-Chung Lu;J. Wager-Miller;Ken Mackie;C. McEwen;Ellen D. Inutan
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Trimpin;Darrell D. Marshall;Santosh Karki;Sara Madarshahian;K. Hoang;A. Meher;M. Pophristic;Alicia L. Richards;Christopher B. Lietz;Joshua L. Fischer;E. Elia;Beixi Wang;Vincent S. Pagnotti;Corinne A. Lutomski;T. J. El‐Baba;I-Chung Lu;J. Wager-Miller;Ken Mackie;C. McEwen;Ellen D. Inutan
原理基于以前不为质谱仪(MS)所知的过程的新的电离技术的发展已经获得了显著的势头。在这里，我们阐述了理解这些独特的电离过程的重要性，展示了目前其他方法无法满足的新能力，以及它们巨大的分析潜力。方法溶剂辅助电离(SAI)、基质辅助电离(MAI)和激光喷雾电离(LSI)的进样和真空电离方法可与商业和专用离子源一起使用，利用固体或溶剂基质产生离子，用于分析从井板、管尖端和平板表面引入的药物、脂类和蛋白质等各种物质。使用了各种供应商的质谱计。结果显示了电喷雾电离(ESI)和基质辅助激光解吸电离(MALDI)两种电离方法的优点。我们展示了包括MAI、SAI和ESI的多电离平台的效用，并能够检测到其他方面遗漏的内容，特别是在直接分析混合物时。专用真空MAI源通过将样品机械引入亚大气压(真空MAI)，实现了无与伦比的坚固性。使用管道(入口电离)，最好是加热的，样品从大气压引入，从而实现了各种基质的简单性和用途。直接分析组织、全血、尿液(包括小鼠、鸡和人的来源)、细菌菌株、化学在探针反应，特别是在真空电离的情况下，无需考虑残留或仪器污染。结论提供的例子突出了与MS中新的电离过程相关的卓越分析能力，这些过程降低了操作复杂性，同时提高了速度和稳定性，实现了具有低背景的质谱图以提高灵敏度，这表明这种简单的电离技术有可能推动MS进入目前服务不足的领域，如临床和医疗应用。
RATIONALE The developments of new ionization technologies based on processes previously unknown to mass spectrometry (MS) have gained significant momentum. Herein we address the importance of understanding these unique ionization processes, demonstration of new capabilities currently unmet by other methods, and their considerable analytical potential. METHODS The inlet and vacuum ionization methods of solvent-assisted ionization (SAI), matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), and laserspray ionization (LSI) can be used with commercial and dedicated ion sources producing ions from atmospheric or vacuum conditions for analyses of a variety of materials including drugs, lipids, and proteins introduced from well plates, pipet tips, and plate surfaces with and without a laser using solid or solvent matrices. Various vendor mass spectrometers are employed. RESULTS Results are presented highlighting strengths relative to ionization methods of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). We demonstrate the utility of multi-ionization platforms encompassing MAI, SAI, and ESI and enabling detection of what otherwise is missed, especially when directly analyzing mixtures. Unmatched robustness is achieved with dedicated vacuum MAI sources with mechanical introduction of the sample to the sub-atmospheric pressure (vacuum MAI). Simplicity and use of a wide array of matrices are attained using a conduit (inlet ionization), preferably heated, with sample introduction from atmospheric pressure. Tissue, whole blood, urine (including mouse, chicken, and human origin), bacteria strains, chemical on-probe reactions are analyzed directly, and especially in the case of vacuum ionization, without concern of carryover or instrument contamination. CONCLUSIONS Examples are provided highlighting exceptional analytical capabilities associated with the novel ionization processes in MS that reduce operational complexity while increasing speed and robustness, achieving mass spectra with low-background for improved sensitivity suggesting the potential of this simple ionization technology to drive MS into areas currently underserved such as clinical and medical applications.