SPECIAL ISSUE ON PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION - HEALTH-EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE POLLUTION - REAPPRAISING THE EVIDENCE
SPECIAL ISSUE ON PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION - HEALTH-EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE POLLUTION - REAPPRAISING THE EVIDENCE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112836
复制
发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
WALLER, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOLLAND, WW;BENNETT, AE;WALLER, RE
没有证据表明，低于250微克/立方米的空气污染水平(24小时平均烟雾(BS))对健康有害。所进行的研究不能区分大气中各种污染物的有害影响，例如死亡率。其中大多数有害影响超过250微克/立方米的24小时平均BS水平，都是在其他污染物水平较高的地区，特别是硫氧化物。尝试区分不同的污染物，以形成为个别空气污染物制定空气质量标准的可靠基础，是一项极其复杂的程序。政府、工业和科学团体无法确定如何最好地处理这个问题。总结了可能出现健康影响的悬浮颗粒物的定量浓度。敏感人群(包括儿童)可察觉到短暂健康影响的最低年平均水平，在二氧化硫年平均水平为180微克/立方米的情况下，每年平均水平超过约140微克/立方米BS年平均水平(相当于总悬浮粒子相当于约240微克/立方米以上)。可以看出支气管炎患者发病率增加的最低24小时平均水平是超过约250微克/立方米BS(HV当量超过约350微克/立方米)，二氧化硫约为500微克/立方米(均为24小时平均值)。在这样的颗粒物污染水平下，对健康的影响即使不是不可能，也很难与温度或其他天气因素对健康的影响分开。
The evidence does not substantiate any level of air pollution below 250 .mu.g/m3, smoke (BS) as a 24 h average, as harmful to health. The studies undertaken are not capable of distinguishing the harmful effects, e.g., mortality, of the various pollutants in the atmosphere. Most of those that show a harmful effect above levels of 250 .mu.g/m3, BS as a 24 h average, are in areas where levels of other pollutants are high, especially the sulfur oxides. The attempt to differentiate between the different pollutants to form a reliable foundation for setting air quality standards for individual air pollutants is an extremely complex procedure. Governments, industry and scientific groups can not determine how best to approach this problem. The quantitative concentrations of suspended particulate matter at which health effects may appear are summarized. The lowest annual average levels at which transient health effects are discernible in sensitive groups, including children, are at levels in excess of about 140 .mu.g/m3 BS annual mean (total suspended particulate [HV] equivalent above about 240 .mu.g/m3) in the presence of SO2 180 .mu.g/m3 annual mean. The lowest 24 h average levels at which increased incidence of illness in bronchitic patients is discernible are levels in excess of about 250 .mu.g/m3 BS (HV equivalent above about 350 .mu.g/m3) in the presence of SO2 of about 500 .mu.g/m3 (all as 24 h average values). At these levels of particulate pollution, the effects on health are difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle from the health effects of temperature or other weather factors.