Central Projections of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Macaque Monkey
Central Projections of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Macaque Monkey
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.23555
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gamlin, P. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hannibal, J.;Kankipati, L.;Gamlin, P. D.
由视交叉上核（SCN）产生的昼夜节律通过表达黑视素和神经肽垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP）的固有光敏视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGC）被带入环境光/暗周期。ipRGC调节其他非成像视觉功能，如瞳孔对光反射、掩蔽行为和光诱导的褪黑激素抑制。为了评估PACAP免疫反应性视网膜投射是否可用作猴脑中ipRGC的中央投射的标记物，我们表征了PACAP在表达黑视素的ipRGC中和在通过顺行示踪剂霍乱毒素亚基B（Ct B）与PACAP染色组合可视化的脑中视网膜靶区域中的发生。在视网膜中，PACAP和黑视蛋白被发现共储存在99%的黑视蛋白表达细胞中，其特征在于内部和外部分层的黑视蛋白RGC。将两只猕猴麻醉并接受CtB的单侧玻璃体内注射。在SCN、外侧膝状体复合体（包括膝状体前核、顶盖前橄榄核、视束核、上级丘臂和上级丘）中确定了含有共定位CtB和PACAP免疫染色的双侧视网膜投射。总之，PACAP免疫反应性预测与共定位CtB代表猕猴ipRGCs的视网膜投影，支持以前的逆行示踪剂研究表明，黑视蛋白的视网膜投影到达灵长类动物大脑中涉及图像和非图像形成视觉处理的区域。神经学比较杂志522：2231-2248，2014。(c)2014 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Circadian rhythms generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are entrained to the environmental light/dark cycle via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) expressing the photopigment melanopsin and the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). The ipRGCs regulate other nonimage-forming visual functions such as the pupillary light reflex, masking behavior, and light-induced melatonin suppression. To evaluate whether PACAP-immunoreactive retinal projections are useful as a marker for central projection of ipRGCs in the monkey brain, we characterized the occurrence of PACAP in melanopsin-expressing ipRGCs and in the retinal target areas in the brain visualized by the anterograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CtB) in combination with PACAP staining. In the retina, PACAP and melanopsin were found to be costored in 99% of melanopsin-expressing cells characterized as inner and outer stratifying melanopsin RGCs. Two macaque monkeys were anesthetized and received a unilateral intravitreal injection of CtB. Bilateral retinal projections containing colocalized CtB and PACAP immunostaining were identified in the SCN, the lateral geniculate complex including the pregeniculate nucleus, the pretectal olivary nucleus, the nucleus of the optic tract, the brachium of the superior colliculus, and the superior colliculus. In conclusion, PACAP-immunoreactive projections with colocalized CtB represent retinal projections of ipRGCs in the macaque monkey, supporting previous retrograde tracer studies demonstrating that melanopsin-containing retinal projections reach areas in the primate brain involved in both image- and nonimage-forming visual processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2231-2248, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.