Overcoming Hurdles in Translating Visual Search Research Between the Lab and the Field
Overcoming Hurdles in Translating Visual Search Research Between the Lab and the Field
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-4794-8_7
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mitroff, Stephen R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clark, Kait;Cain, Matthew S.;Mitroff, Stephen R.
视觉搜索的研究对于提高放射学和机场安检等职业的表现至关重要。在这些应用，或“领域，”搜索，准确性是至关重要的，和失误是潜在的致命的;然而，尽管最佳执行的重要性，放射性和机场安全搜索仍然存在缺陷。视觉搜索的广泛基础研究揭示了成功视觉搜索的认知机制以及各种倾向于抑制或提高性能的因素。理想情况下，从这种基于实验室的研究中获得的知识可以直接应用于现场搜索，但有几个障碍阻碍了直接的翻译;在实验室中进行的严格控制的视觉搜索与现场搜索有很大的不同。例如，它们可以在刺激的性质、搜索发生的环境以及搜索者本身的经验和特征方面有所不同。本章的目的是讨论这些差异，以及它们如何阻碍将基于实验室的研究转化为基于实地的搜索。具体而言，实验室中的大多数搜索任务需要每次试验仅搜索一个目标，并且目标相对频繁地出现，但现场搜索可能包含未知和无限数量的目标，并且目标的出现可能很少。此外，在实验室为基础的搜索实验的参与者往往在中性条件下进行，并没有正式的培训或经验，在搜索任务;相反，职业搜索者可能会受到动机表现良好或焦虑错过目标，他们经历了正式的培训和积累了显着的经验搜索。本章讨论了最近的工作，调查这些差异的影响，以确定每个因素如何影响搜索性能。从科学探索中获得的知识可以应用于现场搜索，但必须考虑和控制实验室和现场之间的差异。
Research in visual search can be vital to improving performance in careers such as radiology and airport security screening. In these applied, or "field," searches, accuracy is critical, and misses are potentially fatal; however, despite the importance of performing optimally, radiological and airport security searches are nevertheless flawed. Extensive basic research in visual search has revealed cognitive mechanisms responsible for successful visual search as well as a variety of factors that tend to inhibit or improve performance. Ideally, the knowledge gained from such laboratory-based research could be directly applied to field searches, but several obstacles stand in the way of straightforward translation; the tightly controlled visual searches performed in the lab can be drastically different from field searches. For example, they can differ in terms of the nature of the stimuli, the environment in which the search is taking place, and the experience and characteristics of the searchers themselves. The goal of this chapter is to discuss these differences and how they can present hurdles to translating lab-based research to field-based searches. Specifically, most search tasks in the lab entail searching for only one target per trial, and the targets occur relatively frequently, but field searches may contain an unknown and unlimited number of targets, and the occurrence of targets can be rare. Additionally, participants in lab-based search experiments often perform under neutral conditions and have no formal training or experience in search tasks; conversely, career searchers may be influenced by the motivation to perform well or anxiety about missing a target, and they have undergone formal training and accumulated significant experience searching. This chapter discusses recent work that has investigated the impacts of these differences to determine how each factor can influence search performance. Knowledge gained from the scientific exploration of search can be applied to field searches but only when considering and controlling for the differences between lab and field.