Phonological skills of children with specific expressive language impairment (SLI-E): outcome at age 3.
Phonological skills of children with specific expressive language impairment (SLI-E): outcome at age 3.
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具有特定表达性语言障碍的儿童的语音技能 (SLI-E)：3 岁时的结果。
DOI：
10.1044/jslhr.4102.374
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stevens,L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roberts,J;Rescorla,L;Giroux,J;Stevens,L
在Rescorla和Ratner(1996)的研究中，对29名被诊断为特殊表达语言延迟(SLI-E)的3岁儿童的自然语音样本与19名年龄匹配的正常发育同龄人的语音样本进行了比较，以确定他们自2岁以来在语音技能方面的进步。具体而言，研究人员比较了两组受试者的发音率、动词化、完全可理解的发音、语音清单、辅音正确率(PCC)、语音过程和平均发音长度(MLU)。结果显示，尽管他们的语音清单、PCC分数和总体清晰度存在差异，但两组之间在发声数量上没有显著差异(就像在2岁时一样)。这些发现表明，患有SLI-E的儿童在2岁时不仅语音技能较差，而且说话能力也较差，而到了3岁时，他们的声音也是一样的。对儿童语音库的分析表明，对于大多数辅音，SLI-E组遵循与对照儿童相同的发展模式，但正常发育组中更多的人对每个辅音具有产生性控制，这与Rescorla和Ratner的发现一致。以言语化(至少有一个可理解的单词的话语)和完全可理解的话语的速度衡量的可理解性方面仍然存在差异。使用这些措施，我们发现大约一半的SLI-E儿童在发音方面赶上了他们正常发育的同龄人，而他们中的一半继续显著延迟。最后，尽管根据MLU的测量，一些大器晚成的小组在语言技能上已经赶上了对照儿童，但许多人没有，这表明孩子们有一种在赶上语言能力之前先赶上一些发音技能的趋势。
Naturalistic speech samples of 29 3-year-olds diagnosed with specific expressive language delay (SLI-E) were compared to those produced by 19 age-matched normally developing peers in order to determine their improvement in phonological skills since age 2, when Rescorla and Ratner (1996) studied them. Specifically, the groups were compared with regard to vocalization rate, verbalizations, fully intelligible utterances, phonetic inventories, percentages of consonants correct (PCC), phonological processes, and mean length of utterance (MLU). Results revealed that there was no significant difference between the groups in their numbers of vocalizations (as there had been at age 2), although there continued to be differences in their phonetic inventories, PCC scores, and overall intelligibility. These findings suggest that at age 2 the children with SLI-E were not only less phonologically skilled but less talkative, whereas by age 3 they were equally vocal. Analysis of the phonetic inventories of the children demonstrated that for most consonants, the SLI-E group followed the same pattern of development as the comparison children, but more of the normally developing group had productive control of each consonant, consistent with findings of Rescorla and Ratner. There continued to be differences in intelligibility as measured by rates of verbalization (those utterances with at least one intelligible word) and fully intelligible utterances. Using these measures, we found that approximately half the SLI-E children had caught up with their normally developing peers in terms of articulation, whereas half of them continued to be significantly delayed. Finally, although some of the late-bloomer group had caught up to the comparison children in language skills, as measured by MLU, many had not, suggesting that there was a tendency for the children to catch up in some articulation skills before catching up in language abilities.