Contemporaneity of Dorset and Thule Cultures in the North American Arctic: New Radiocarbon Dates from Victoria Island, Nunavut1
Contemporaneity of Dorset and Thule Cultures in the North American Arctic: New Radiocarbon Dates from Victoria Island, Nunavut1
复制标题
北美北极地区多塞特文化和图勒文化的同时期：努勒维特维多利亚岛的新放射性碳测年法1
作者：
T. Friesen
北美北极东部的史前文化序列分为两大传统。大约4,500年前，早期的古爱斯基摩人从阿拉斯加进入北极东部，然后逐渐改变和适应，通过一系列文化发展起来，考古学家将其命名为独立I，Saqqaq，Pre-Dorset和Dorset。新爱斯基摩人的传统紧随其后，大约1,000年前从阿拉斯加进入加拿大西部的北极地区，并在接下来的几个世纪中向东传播。北极东部的早期新爱斯基摩人被称为图勒因纽特人，格陵兰岛、加拿大北极和北方阿拉斯加的现代因纽特人是他们的直系后裔（麦克斯韦1985，麦吉1996）。从最广泛的轮廓来看，这种文化序列的大多数方面已经牢固确立。最重要的悬而未决的问题涉及最后的古爱斯基摩文化，被称为晚多塞特，和最早的新爱斯基摩图勒文化的人之间的关系。直到最近，在该地区工作的大多数考古学家都认为，多塞特社会生存到公元第二个千年，以满足和被图勒移民所取代。这一观点主要基于许多放射性碳年代测定，
The prehistoric cultural sequence in the eastern North American Arctic is divided into two major traditions. People of the earlier Palaeo-Eskimo tradition entered the eastern Arctic from Alaska about 4,500 years ago and then gradually changed and adapted, developing through a series of cultures which archaeologists have named Independence I, Saqqaq, Pre-Dorset, and Dorset. The Neo-Eskimo tradition followed, entering the western Canadian Arctic from Alaska around 1,000 years ago and proceeding to the east in the following centuries. Early Neo-Eskimo peoples in the eastern Arctic are known as Thule Inuit, and modern Inuit of Greenland, arctic Canada, and northern Alaska are their direct descendents (Maxwell 1985, McGhee 1996). In its broadest outline, most aspects of this cultural sequence have been firmly established. The most significant unresolved issue concerns the relationship between peoples of the final Palaeo-Eskimo culture, known as Late Dorset, and those of the earliest Neo-Eskimo Thule cultures. Until recently, most archaeologists working in the region accepted that Dorset society survived into the second millennium AD to meet and be displaced by Thule immigrants. This view was based primarily on the many radiocarbon dates attributed to