NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic?

NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic?
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自身免疫性疾病中的 NK 细胞:保护性还是致病性?

DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.624687
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Zhang C
Zhang C
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu M;Liang S;Zhang C

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自身免疫性疾病通常是由于丧失自我耐受性(即免疫系统无法区分自我和非我),其特征是产生自身抗体和T细胞过度激活,从而导致特定或多个器官的损害。因此,自身免疫性疾病可分为器官特异性疾病和全身性疾病。遗传和环境因素有助于自身免疫的发展。最近的研究表明,先天免疫在自身免疫性疾病的发病中起着重要作用。自然杀伤(NK)细胞是天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,与系统性红斑狼疮、I型糖尿病、自身免疫性肝病等多种自身免疫性疾病的发生密切相关。然而,NK细胞在自身免疫中既有保护作用又有致病作用,这取决于NK细胞亚群、微环境和疾病类型或阶段。在这项工作中,我们回顾了目前对NK细胞亚群在全身和器官特异性自身免疫性疾病中的不同作用的认识,以及它们作为治疗靶点的临床潜力。
Autoimmune diseases generally result from the loss of self-tolerance (i.e., failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self), and are characterized by autoantibody production and hyperactivation of T cells, which leads to damage of specific or multiple organs. Thus, autoimmune diseases can be classified as organ-specific or systemic. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated the contribution of innate immunity to the onset of autoimmune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells, which are key components of the innate immune system, have been implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune liver disease. However, NK cells have both protective and pathogenic roles in autoimmunity depending on the NK cell subset, microenvironment, and disease type or stage. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the varied roles of NK cell subsets in systemic and organic-specific autoimmune diseases and their clinical potential as therapeutic targets.
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