NORM Concentration Determination in Common Materials in an Urban Environment
NORM Concentration Determination in Common Materials in an Urban Environment
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城市环境中常见材料的 NORM 浓度测定
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Patton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Peplow;A. Nicholson;B. Patton
美国政府在大型特殊活动之前和期间进行非法辐射源的搜索，例如国情咨文演讲，总统就职典礼或最近的教皇访问。由于天然本底辐射，在给定的搜索区域内可能会有很大的变化，因此很难明确检测源。背景辐射主要是道路、人行道和建筑物外墙所用材料的函数。来自橡树岭国家实验室（ORNL）、劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室（LLNL）、遥感实验室（RSL）和劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室（LBNL）的一组科学家正在探索背景计数率的性质和变化，以提高城市地区的搜索性能。在宾夕法尼亚州印第安敦堡（FTIG）国民警卫队训练设施的城市地形军事行动（MOUT）环境中已经并将继续进行一系列背景测量。这个场地复制了一个小镇，有柏油路、混凝土十字路口、建筑物、人行道、路缘石和砾石停车场。与实际的城市区域不同，交通和行人通道可以很容易地控制，以避免干扰测量。本文件记录了为确定现场这些材料中发现的放射性物质的各种浓度所作的努力。从这项工作中确定的NORM浓度将被纳入到一个大规模的模拟（一个“虚拟测试床”），可用于研究各种搜索技术和算法，检测器套件配置，并产生代表性的合成数据，为未来的工作。
The United States government performs searches for illicit radiation sources before and during large special events, such as State of the Union addresses, presidential inaugurations, or the recent papal visit.Clear detection of sources is difficult due to natural background radiation, which can vary greatly throughout a given search area. Background radiation is mostly a function of the materials used in roadways, sidewalks, and building exteriors. A team of scientists from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the Remote Sensing Laboratory (RSL), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is exploring the nature and variability of background count rates in order to improve the performance of searches in urban areas. A series of background measurements have been and will continue to be taken at a Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) environment at the Fort Indiantown Gap (FTIG) National Guard training facility in Pennsylvania. This site replicates a small town with asphalt roads, concrete intersections, buildings, sidewalks, curbs, and gravel parking areas. Unlike an actual urban area, traffic and pedestrian access can be easily controlled to avoid interference with measurements. This paper documents the efforts focused on characterizing the various concentrations of radioactive material found in these materials at the site. The NORM concentrations determined from this work will be incorporated in to a large-scale simulation (a ‘virtual test-bed’) that can be used to investigate various search techniques and algorithms, detector suite configurations, and to produce representative synthetic data for future work.