Chemical defense in the egg masses of benthic invertebrates: An assessment of antibacterial activity in 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes
Chemical defense in the egg masses of benthic invertebrates: An assessment of antibacterial activity in 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes
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DOI：
10.1006/jipa.2001.5047
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bremner, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benkendorff, K;Davis, AR;Bremner, J
许多海洋无脊椎动物沉积的底栖卵块可能容易受到微生物感染。为了帮助应对这种威胁，这些物种可能已经进化出某种形式的化学保护来保护其封装的胚胎。在这项研究中，测试了 7 种海洋软体动物的卵块对 4 种海洋病原体的抗菌活性：杀丝肠球菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌和哈维弧菌。研究发现，所有这些卵块的提取物在接近卵块中提取物的自然浓度的浓度下均能抑制至少 1 种海洋细菌的生长。然后测试了 39 种软体动物和 4 种多毛类动物的卵块对 3 种人类致病菌的抗菌活性；大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌。在 34 个物种的卵团中检测到活性，其中包括 2 个纲、18 个科的 2 种多毛类和软体动物。研究发现软体动物卵团的抗菌活性遍及海洋、河口、淡水和陆地环境。研究发现，凝胶状的卵块和坚韧的卵囊都可以抑制微生物的生长，这表明仅靠物理保护可能不足以保护卵。在新鲜卵块中观察到抗菌活性，但在部分物种的发育良好的卵块中未观察到抗菌活性。这项研究的结果表明，许多无脊椎动物利用化学防御来保护其早期胚胎免受细菌感染。 (C) 2001 年学术出版社。
Many marine invertebrates deposit benthic egg masses that are potentially vulnerable to microbial infection. To help counter this threat these species may have evolved some form of chemical protection for their encapsulated embryos. In this study the egg masses from 7 marine mollusks were tested for antibacterial activity against 4 marine pathogens: Enterococcus sericolicida, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi. Extracts from all of these egg masses were found to inhibit the growth of at least 1 marine bacterium at concentrations that approximate the natural concentration of extract in the egg masses. The egg masses of 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes were then tested for antibacterial activity against 3 human pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Activity was detected in the egg masses from 34 species, including 2 polychaetes and mollusks from two classes and 18 families. Antibacterial activity in molluskan egg masses was found to extend across the marine, estuarine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Both gelatinous egg masses and tough egg capsules were found to inhibit microbial growth, suggesting that physical protection alone may not be sufficient to protect the eggs. Antimicrobial activity was observed in the fresh egg masses but not in the well-developed egg masses of a subset of species. The results of this study indicate that a wide range of invertebrates use chemical defense to protect their early stage embryos against bacterial infection. (C) 2001 Academic Press.