Higher education and employment
Higher education and employment
复制标题
高等教育与就业
DOI：
10.1023/a:1003089017197
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Yano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Yano
日本学生从教育系统进入就业系统的流动进行了讨论，特别是高等教育。作者指出，在日本的情况下，文化过程必须被考虑到，以及那些来自纯粹的经济模式。终身（或无论如何长期）就业和一个单一的年度招聘的流行是就业制度如何影响教育选择的例子。经济趋势和毕业生就业机会之间的关系进行了讨论，强调大学扩张的影响，收入均等化的趋势，女性参与的显着增加，不断变化的移动模式，进出城市的位置和多样化的产业进入新的领域，如信息科学。对从教育到就业制度的过渡的详细考察证实了文化因素的重要性。由于大公司倾向于从更有声望的大学招聘，而且起薪相差不大，就业竞争更多地集中在公司而不是实际工作上。个人之间的工资差异直到员工30多岁才开始显现。这种方法意味着公司为导向的人力资本理论，这是在西方国家的典型的个人主义理论相比。然而，日本文化态度的变化，现代工业结构的发展以及国际化的驱动力，都指向采用更加个人主义的人力资本理论。
The flow of Japanese students from the educational system into theemployment system is discussed with particular reference to highereducation. The author shows that in the Japanese case cultural processeshave to be considered as well as those deriving from purely economic models.Life-time (or at any rate long term) employment and the prevalence of asingle annual recruitment are examples of how the employment systeminfluences educational choices. The relationships between economic trendsand graduate employment opportunities are discussed, highlighting the impactof university expansion, the trend towards equalization of earnings, themarked increase in female participation, changing patterns of movementtowards and away from city locations and the diversification of industryinto new fields such as information science. Detailed examination of thetransition from the educational to the employment system confirms theimportance of cultural factors. Since major corporations tend to recruitfrom the more prestigious universities and since starting salaries do notvary greatly, employment competition is focussed more upon the company thanthe actual job undertaken. Pay differentials between individuals do notemerge till employees are into their 30's. This approach implies acompany-oriented theory of human capital which is in contrast with the moreindividualistic theories typical of Western countries. However, changes inJapanese cultural attitudes, developments in the way in which modernindustry is structured and the drive towards internationalization, all pointtowards the adoption of a more individualistic theory of human capital.