The Characteristics of Graupel Particles in Northeastern Colorado Cumulus Congestus Clouds
The Characteristics of Graupel Particles in Northeastern Colorado Cumulus Congestus Clouds
复制标题
科罗拉多州东北部浓积云中霰粒子的特征
DOI：
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Heymsfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Heymsfield
摘要在美国国家冰雹研究实验期间，利用NCAR/NOAA的滑翔机，对科罗拉多州东北部夏季积云的第一次回波中的冰粒子进行了现场采集，并对其中的物理特性进行了研究。将冰粒收集在含有硅油的小瓶中。每个颗粒在几个不同的方向上拍照，然后熔化以确定其等效直径。这允许的质量和轴向尺寸被确定和密度，轴比和终端速度被估计为每个125个粒子。的质量和终端速度的粒子被发现是相当低的比那些等效直径的冰球。计算质量-直径和终端速度-直径数据的最佳拟合方程。<$球密度通常低于0.5 g cm-3，块状和圆锥形的<$球密度之间存在系统差异。计算表明，th…
Abstract The physical characteristics of graupel particles were investigated from in in situ collections of ice particles sampled in first-echo summertime cumulus congestus clouds in northeastern Colorado with the NCAR/NOAA sailplane operating during the National Hail Research Experiment. Ice particles were collected in vials containing silicone oil. Each particle was photographed at several different orientations and then melted to determine its equivalent diameter. This permitted the mass and axial dimensions to be determined and the density, axial ratios and terminal velocity to be estimated for each of 125 particles. The mass and terminal velocity of graupel particles were found to be considerably lower than those of equivalent diameter ice spheres. Best-fit equations to the mass-diameter and terminal velocity-diameter data were computed. Graupel densities were typically lower than 0.5 g cm−3 systematic differences were noted between the densities of lump and conical graupel. Calculations indicated th...