Climate change and the oceans - What does the future hold?
Climate change and the oceans - What does the future hold?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.022
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发表时间：
2013-09-30
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Rogers, Alex D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bijma, Jelle;Poertner, Hans-O;Rogers, Alex D.
海洋通过吸收大气中过量的二氧化碳，保护地球免受快速气候变化的最坏影响。这种对二氧化碳的吸收正驱使海洋沿着pH梯度向更酸性的条件发展。与此同时，海洋变暖正在对海洋生态系统的组成、结构和功能产生显著影响。变暖、淡水化（在某些地区）和相关的分层正在推动海洋脱氧的趋势，在部分沿海地区，缺氧的深水上涌正在加强这种趋势。变暖、酸化和脱氧的综合影响已经对海洋的植物群和动物群产生了巨大影响，使种群分布发生重大变化，敏感物种减少。在许多情况下，变暖、酸化和脱氧的影响因污染、富营养化和过度捕捞等其他人类影响的影响而加剧，这三个致命因素的相互作用反映了地球过去的类似事件，这些事件往往伴随着主要物种群体的灭绝。在这里，我们回顾了观察到的影响，并利用地球历史上的过去事件，阐述了如果碳排放和气候变化没有明显减少或多或少的直接影响，未来可能会发生什么。(C)2013由Elsevier Ltd.出版
The ocean has been shielding the earth from the worst effects of rapid climate change by absorbing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This absorption of CO2 is driving the ocean along the pH gradient towards more acidic conditions. At the same time ocean warming is having pronounced impacts on the composition, structure and functions of marine ecosystems. Warming, freshening (in some areas) and associated stratification are driving a trend in ocean deoxygenation, which is being enhanced in parts of the coastal zone by upwelling of hypoxic deep water. The combined impact of warming, acidification and deoxygenation are already having a dramatic effect on the flora and fauna of the oceans with significant changes in distribution of populations, and decline of sensitive species. In many cases, the impacts of warming, acidification and deoxygenation are increased by the effects of other human impacts, such as pollution, eutrophication and overfishing.The interactive effects of this deadly trio mirrors similar events in the Earth's past, which were often coupled with extinctions of major species' groups. Here we review the observed impacts and, using past episodes in the Earth's history, set out what the future may hold if carbon emissions and climate change are not significantly reduced with more or less immediate effect. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.