Protocols for Innate Lymphoid Cell Phenotypic and Functional Characterization: An Overview.
Protocols for Innate Lymphoid Cell Phenotypic and Functional Characterization: An Overview.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-0338-3_1
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shoba Amarnath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shoba Amarnath
先天免疫系统形成了抵御感染的第一道防线，并且是产生持续适应性免疫反应之前免疫防御的重要组成部分。直到最近，这种先天反应还被认为主要是由骨髓来源的细胞引起的。过去 10 年，我们发现了一个广泛的先天淋巴样细胞 (ILC) 家族，其特征是能够表达细胞因子（传统上与活化的 T 效应细胞相关），并且缺乏抗原受体的表达。ILC 在屏障表面富集，并对组织微环境中的警报素快速做出反应。 ILC 缺乏重组激活基因 (RAG) 依赖性重排受体，缺乏骨髓细胞和树突状细胞谱系定义因子，并具有淋巴形态。第一个被表征的先天淋巴细胞是自然杀伤细胞（NK）细胞和淋巴组织诱导（LTi）细胞。 NK 细胞，定义于 1975 年），介导重要的早期抗原独立免疫反应。相比之下，1997 年定义的 LTi 细胞对于胚胎发生过程中淋巴结的形成至关重要。在过去的十年中，对 ILC 的研究已将其定义为屏障免疫的重要调节剂。然而，ILC 表型和功能表征很复杂，需要高度特异性的方案来描述 ILC 与其他充分表征的免疫细胞的特定功能。本书中的每一章都提供了深入的方案，该方案将扩展实验室用于研究小鼠和人类 ILC 发育、表征和功能的技术。
The innate immune system forms a first line of defense against infections and is an essential component in immune defense prior to the generation of sustained adaptive immune responses. Until recently this innate response was believed to be predominantly elicited by cells of myeloid origin. The last 10 years have seen the discovery of an extensive family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) characterized by the ability to express cytokines, traditionally associated with activated T effector cells, and lack of expression of antigen receptors.ILCs are enriched at barrier surfaces and rapidly respond to alarmins within the tissue microenvironment. ILCs lack recombinant activating gene (RAG)-dependent rearranged receptors, lack myeloid and dendritic cell lineage defining factors, and possess lymphoid morphology. The first characterized innate lymphoid cells were natural killer cells (NK) cells and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. NK cells, defined in 1975), mediate important early antigen independent immune responses. By contrast, LTi cells, defined in 1997, are vital for formation of lymph nodes during embryogenesis. In the past decade, research on ILCs has defined them as important regulators of barrier immunity. However, ILC phenotype and functional characterization is complex and requires highly specific protocols for delineating ILC specific function from other well-characterized immune cells. Within this book, each chapter provides an in-depth protocol that will expand on techniques used by laboratories to study ILC development, characterization and function in mice and humans.