Pitx2 in Embryonic and Adult Myogenesis.
Pitx2 in Embryonic and Adult Myogenesis.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2017.00046
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Aranega AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernandez-Torres F;Rodríguez-Outeiriño L;Franco D;Aranega AE
骨骼肌是一种异质组织，占人体质量的30%至38%，在生物体中具有重要功能，如保持姿势、运动冲动或肺通气。骨骼肌在胚胎发育过程中的发生是一个复杂的调控网络控制的过程，该网络结合了外部和内部调控机制的相互作用，通过微调的分化程序将肌源性前体细胞转化为功能性肌纤维。然而，一旦这些纤维成熟，产生肌肉的能力仍然存在。成人肌肉发生类似于许多胚胎形态发生事件，并依赖于具有分化成新肌纤维潜力的卫星细胞的激活。Pitx2是同源异型域转录因子Bicoid家族的成员，在形态发生中发挥重要作用。在过去的十年中，Pitx 2已经成为一个关键因素，参与调节骨骼肌发育以及成人肌肉中卫星细胞的分化和细胞命运的微调机制。在这里，我们提出了一个综合性的观点，胚胎和成人肌发生中的Pitx2参与，从胚胎发育到卫星细胞增殖，命运的规范和分化的各个方面。Pitx2在卫星细胞生物学上的这些新功能可能为开发肌肉疾病的治疗策略开辟新的前景。
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue that represents between 30 and 38% of the human body mass and has important functions in the organism, such as maintaining posture, locomotor impulse, or pulmonary ventilation. The genesis of skeletal muscle during embryonic development is a process controlled by an elaborate regulatory network combining the interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that transform myogenic precursor cells into functional muscle fibers through a finely tuned differentiation program. However, the capacity of generating muscle still remains once these fibers have matured. Adult myogenesis resembles many of the embryonic morphogenetic episodes and depends on the activation of satellite cells that have the potential to differentiate into new muscle fibers. Pitx2 is a member of the bicoid family of homeodomain transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis. In the last decade, Pitx2 has emerged as a key element involved in the fine-tuning mechanism that regulates skeletal-muscle development as well as the differentiation and cell fate of satellite cells in adult muscle. Here we present an integrative view of all aspects of embryonic and adult myogenesis in which Pitx2 is involved, from embryonic development to satellite-cell proliferation, fate specification, and differentiation. Those new Pitx2 functions on satellite-cell biology might open new perspectives to develop therapeutic strategies for muscular disorders.