Conversation galante: How the immune and the neuroendocrine systems talk to each other
Conversation galante: How the immune and the neuroendocrine systems talk to each other
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DOI：
10.1016/j.autrev.2007.03.004
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Manfredi, Angelo A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Cornite, Gabriele;Sabbadini, Maria Grazia;Manfredi, Angelo A.
内源性佐剂的产生和凋亡细胞的清除发生在神经内分泌和免疫系统之间的交叉点。最近的数据表明，自身免疫与这两个系统之间的通信故障，并在淋巴器官和外周炎症组织中发生的事件形状的组织损伤的反应。自主神经末梢释放去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱，而敏感纤维释放神经肽。此外，组织中的神经末梢控制神经内分泌细胞的分泌活动，神经内分泌细胞分布在肠道、胰腺、肺、甲状腺、肝脏、前列腺、皮肤中。细胞内酶，特别是1型11 β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶，调节炎症巨噬细胞和成熟树突细胞中活性糖皮质激素的可用性;反过来，活性糖皮质激素的速率决定吞噬细胞清除凋亡细胞的效率，可能影响自身抗原的可用性。免疫细胞释放细胞因子，这些细胞因子又向中枢和外周神经系统发出信号。我们从尼古丁中和疗法中了解到，促炎信号的持续产生干扰了各种神经内分泌轴。在生理条件下和在自我维持的炎症性疾病期间，对这种精细调节的系统间串扰进行更好的分子解剖，可能会使更合理的治疗方法成为可能。(c)2007 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The generation of endogenous adjuvants and the clearance of apoptotic cells occur at the intersection between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. Recent data suggest that autoimmunity associates with a communication breakdown between the two systems and that events taking place in lymphoid organs and in peripheral inflamed tissues shape the response to tissue damage. Autonomic nerve endings release norepinephrine and acetylcholine, whereas sensitive fibers release neuropeptides. Moreover, nervous endings in the tissues control the secretory activity of neuroendocrine cells, which are distributed in the gut, the pancreas, the lung, the thyroid, the liver, the prostate, the skin. Intracellular enzymes, and in particular the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, regulate the availability of active glucocorticoids in inflammatory macrophages and maturing dendritic cells; in turn the rate of active glucocorticoids determine the efficiency of phagocytes in clearing apoptotic cells, possibly influencing the availability of autoantigens. Immune cells release cytokines, which, in turn signal to the central and peripheral nervous system. We learnt from cytokine-neutralizing therapies that the sustained production of pro-inflammatory signals interferes with various neuro-endocrine axes. A better molecular dissection of this finely regulated inter-system cross-talk, in physiological conditions and during self-sustaining inflammatory diseases, might enable more rational therapeutic approaches. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.