Live analysis of lagging chromosomes during anaphase and their effect on spindle elongation rate in fission yeast
Live analysis of lagging chromosomes during anaphase and their effect on spindle elongation rate in fission yeast
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
A. Pidoux;S. Uzawa;P. Perry;W. Cande;R. Allshire
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作者：
A. Pidoux;S. Uzawa;P. Perry;W. Cande;R. Allshire
基因组完整性的维持关键取决于有丝分裂和减数分裂期间染色体的准确分离。着丝粒和它们相关的动粒负责将染色体附着到纺锤体上并确保染色体在后期的公平分布（里德尔和Salmon，1998; Dobie等人，1999; Pidoux和Allshire，2000 a）。通过纺锤体检查点的存在进一步增强了染色体分离的保真度，纺锤体检查点监测着丝粒-MT相互作用并延迟中期-后期转换，以允许所有染色体实现双极附着的时间（Taylor，1999; Gardner和Burke，2000）。裂殖酵母是研究染色体生物学的一个优良的遗传模型系统。特别是，它的着丝粒在许多重要方面类似于多细胞真核生物的着丝粒。它们相对较大（40-100 kb），并且由独特的中央核心区组成，其侧翼是大的重复序列元件区域（Hahnenberger et al.，1991; Takahashi等人，1992; Clarke等人，1994; Allshire，1995）。它们是染色质异染的、低乙酰化的和转录沉默的（Allshire等人，1994; Allshire等人，1995; Ekwall等人，1997年; Pidoux和Allshire，2000年b）。位于着丝粒内的基因在转录上沉默;这反映了功能性动粒复合体的形成的观点得到了动粒组分突变减轻转录沉默的观察结果的支持（Allshire等人，1995; Ekwall等人，1995; Ekwall等人，1999年; Parkman等人，2000; B. Mellone，A. L. Pidoux和R. C. Allshire，未发表的评论）。分裂酵母纺锤体的连续电子显微镜（EM）重建表明每个动粒与多个（2至4个）微管相互作用（Ding等人，1993年）。单倍体裂殖酵母只有三条染色体的事实有利于染色体4177的细胞学研究，Journal of Cell Science 113，4177-4191（2000）Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JCS 1686
The maintenance of genome integrity is crucially dependent on accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Centromeres and their associated kinetochores are responsible for attaching chromosomes to the spindle and ensuring equitable distribution of chromosomes at anaphase (Rieder and Salmon, 1998; Dobie et al., 1999; Pidoux and Allshire, 2000a). The fidelity of chromosome segregation is further enhanced by the existence of the spindle checkpoint that monitors kinetochore-MT interactions and delays the metaphase-anaphase transition to allow time for bipolar attachment of all chromosomes to be achieved (Taylor, 1999; Gardner and Burke, 2000). The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe , is an excellent genetically tractable model system for the study of chromosome biology. In particular, its centromeres resemble those of multicellular eukaryotes in many important respects. They are relatively large (40-100 kb) and are composed of unique central core regions flanked by large regions of repetitive sequence elements (Hahnenberger et al., 1991; Takahashi et al., 1992; Clarke et al., 1994; Allshire, 1995). They are h terochromatic, hypoacetylated, and transcriptionally silent (Allshire et al., 1994; Allshire et al., 1995; Ekwall et al., 1997; Pidoux and Allshire, 2000b). Genes placed within the centromere are transcriptionally silenced; the notion that this reflects the formation of a functional kinetochore complex is supported by the observation that mutation of kinetochore components alleviate transcriptional silencing (Allshire et al., 1995; Ekwall et al., 1995; Ekwall et al., 1999; Partridge et al., 2000; B. Mellone, A. L. Pidoux and R. C. Allshire, unpublished observations). Serial electron microscope (EM) reconstructions of fission yeast spindles indicate that each kinetochore interacts with multiple (2 to 4) microtubules (Ding et al., 1993). The fact that haploid fission yeast have only three chromosomes is advantageous for cytological studies of chromosome 4177 Journal of Cell Science 113, 4177-4191 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JCS1686