Influence of different long-term mineral–organic fertilization on yield, nutrient balance and soil C and N contents of a sandy loess (Haplic Phaeozem) in middle Germany
Influence of different long-term mineral–organic fertilization on yield, nutrient balance and soil C and N contents of a sandy loess (Haplic Phaeozem) in middle Germany
复制标题
不同长期矿物有机肥对德国中部沙质黄土（Haplic Phaeozem）产量、养分平衡和土壤碳氮含量的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Deubel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Merbach;F. Herbst;H. Eißner;L. Schmidt;A. Deubel
在一项长期田间试验（德国哈雷，由 K. Schmalfuß 于 1949 年建立，土壤类型为 Haplic Phaeozem）中，研究了不同矿物和有机肥料对干物质产量、土壤 C 和 N 含量以及 N 平衡的影响。 60 年来，所有栽培作物（冬春谷物、马铃薯、甜菜、青贮玉米）的平均产量有所增加，即使没有施肥。与 N2PK 标准处理相比，未施肥和 PK 处理中的氮缺乏导致产量大幅下降（高达 48%）。省略 K 或 P 供应的影响较小（产量分别降低 18% 和 7%）。高矿物 N + PK 施用以及（冬小麦除外）农家肥与矿物肥料的结合获得了最高产量。所有处理中的氮平衡均为负值。然而，如果计算中包括空气中的氮排放（40 kg ha−1 a−1），则仅在低氮处理中氮平衡为负值。到1975年为止，土壤C和N含量一直在增加。自1985年左右以来，土壤C和N含量显着下降。在农家肥处理中观察到土壤C和N含量最高。除了施肥效应之外，土壤性质的变化还反映了近几十年来环境污染、气候变化以及耕作深度等耕作方法的变化。
In a long-term field trial (Halle, Germany, founded in 1949 by K. Schmalfuß, soil type Haplic Phaeozem), the effects of different mineral and organic fertilization on dry matter yields, soil C and N contents and N balances were investigated. Over a period of 60 years, yields increased on average in all cultivated crops (winter and spring cereals, potatoes, sugar beets, silage maize), even without any fertilization. Nitrogen deficiency in unfertilized and PK treatments caused strong decreases in yield (up to 48%) in comparison with the N2PK standard treatment. The effect of omitting K or P supply was smaller (up to 18% and 7% yield reduction, respectively). The highest yields were obtained with high mineral N + PK application and (except winter wheat) with farmyard manure in combination with mineral fertilization. The N balances were negative in all treatments. However, if N immission from the air (40 kg ha−1 a−1) was included in the calculation, N balances were negative only in low N treatments. The soil C and N contents increased up to 1975. A considerable decrease has been seen since about 1985. The highest soil C and N contents were observed in the farmyard manure treatments. In addition to fertilization effects, this development of soil properties reflects changes in environmental pollution, climatic changes, as well as shifts in cultivation methods like tillage depths, over recent decades.