Juvenile survival of a burned forest specialist in response to variation in fire characteristics.
Juvenile survival of a burned forest specialist in response to variation in fire characteristics.
复制标题
一名被烧毁的森林专家的幼年生存者应对火灾特征变化的反应。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
M. Tingley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andrew N. Stillman;Teresa J. Lorenz;Philip C. Fischer;R. Siegel;Robert L. Wilkerson;Matthew Johnson;M. Tingley
热多样性被定义为火灾历史和特征的变化，已被证明在各种系统中催化火灾后的生物多样性。然而，推动个体物种对热解多样性做出反应的人口统计学和行为机制在很大程度上仍未被探索。我们使用了一种典型的火灾后专家，黑背啄木鸟(Picoids Arcticus)，在控制混杂因素的同时，研究了火灾特征与幼鸟存活的关系。我们对美国加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州烧毁的森林中羽翼未丰的黑背啄木鸟进行了无线电跟踪，并利用地面调查和卫星数据得出了栖息地特征的信息。我们使用分层贝叶斯混合效应模型来确定影响幼崽存活率和每年幼体存活率的因素，并测试幼崽年龄对活动速度的影响。烧伤的严重程度对雏鸟的存活率影响很大，与中到低程度的烧毁或未被烧毁的补丁相比，高强度火灾造成的补丁的存活率较低。离开巢后的时间也是雏鸟存活率、幼鸟年存活率和雏鸟迁移率的有力预测因素。我们的结果支持栖息地互补在从空间火灾特征的变化中产生物种特有利益的作用，并强调了这种变化在变化的火灾制度下的重要性。高强度的火灾提供了支持成年黑背啄木鸟需求的觅食和筑巢地点，但在燃烧程度较低的地区，幼鸟的存活率更高。通过将繁殖和觅食栖息地与捕食风险降低的邻近地区联系起来，热释多样性可能会提高在火灾后栖息地茁壮成长的动物的存活率和持久性。
Pyrodiversity, defined as variation in fire history and characteristics, has been shown to catalyze post-fire biodiversity in a variety of systems. However, the demographic and behavioral mechanisms driving the responses of individual species to pyrodiversity remain largely unexplored. We used a model post-fire specialist, the black-backed woodpecker (Picoides arcticus), to examine the relationship between fire characteristics and juvenile survival while controlling for confounding factors. We radio-tracked fledgling black-backed woodpeckers in burned forests of California and Washington, USA, and derived information on habitat characteristics using ground surveys and satellite data. We used hierarchical Bayesian mixed-effects models to determine the factors that influence both fledgling and annual juvenile survival, and we tested for effects of fledgling age on movement rates. Burn severity strongly affected fledgling survival, with lower survival in patches created by high-severity fire compared to patches burned at medium to low severity or left unburned. Time since leaving the nest was also a strong predictor of fledgling survival, annual juvenile survival, and fledgling movement rates. Our results support the role of habitat complementation in generating species-specific benefits from variation in spatial fire characteristics - one axis of pyrodiversity - and highlight the importance of this variation under shifting fire regimes. High-severity fire provides foraging and nesting sites that support the needs of adult black-backed woodpeckers, but fledgling survival is greater in areas burned at lower severity. By linking breeding and foraging habitat with neighboring areas of reduced predation risk, pyrodiversity may enhance the survival and persistence of animals that thrive in post-fire habitat.