Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2015-3113
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Smith, Vincent C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, Janet F.;Smith, Vincent C.
产前接触酒精会损害发育中的胎儿，是导致出生缺陷和智力及神经发育障碍的主要可预防原因。1973年，胎儿酒精综合征首次被描述为子宫内酒精暴露导致的一组特定出生缺陷。随后，研究明确表明，产前酒精暴露会导致广泛的不良发育影响。胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是一个通用术语，包括与产前酒精暴露相关的一系列不良反应。胎儿酒精综合征的诊断标准是具体的，目前正在进行全面的努力，以建立诊断其他FASD的明确标准。越来越多的大量研究已经为专业人士和公众提供了基于证据的FASD教育，更广泛的预防措施，并推荐了基于以下前提的治疗方法：当孕妇戒酒时，与酒精相关的出生缺陷和发育障碍是完全可以预防的。产前酒精暴露导致的神经认知和行为问题是终身的。早期识别，诊断和治疗任何沿着FASD连续体的疾病都可以改善结果。在怀孕期间：任何数量的酒精摄入都不应该被认为是安全的;没有安全的三个月饮酒;所有形式的酒精，如啤酒、葡萄酒和白酒，都有类似的风险;酗酒对发育中的胎儿造成剂量相关的风险。
Prenatal exposure to alcohol can damage the developing fetus and is the leading preventable cause of birth defects and intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities. In 1973, fetal alcohol syndrome was first described as a specific cluster of birth defects resulting from alcohol exposure in utero. Subsequently, research unequivocally revealed that prenatal alcohol exposure causes a broad range of adverse developmental effects. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the general term that encompasses the range of adverse effects associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. The diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome are specific, and comprehensive efforts are ongoing to establish definitive criteria for diagnosing the other FASDs. A large and growing body of research has led to evidence-based FASD education of professionals and the public, broader prevention initiatives, and recommended treatment approaches based on the following premises:Alcohol-related birth defects and developmental disabilities are completely preventable when pregnant women abstain from alcohol use.Neurocognitive and behavioral problems resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure are lifelong.Early recognition, diagnosis, and therapy for any condition along the FASD continuum can result in improved outcomes.During pregnancy:no amount of alcohol intake should be considered safe;there is no safe trimester to drink alcohol;all forms of alcohol, such as beer, wine, and liquor, pose similar risk; andbinge drinking poses dose-related risk to the developing fetus.