Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles in Key Brain Target Cells and Organelles in Young Urbanites: Culprit Hidden in Plain Sight in Alzheimer's Disease Development
Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles in Key Brain Target Cells and Organelles in Young Urbanites: Culprit Hidden in Plain Sight in Alzheimer's Disease Development
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DOI：
10.3233/jad-170012
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica;Reynoso-Robles, Rafael;Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian
数百万儿童和年轻人暴露在与阿尔茨海默病（AD）风险相关的细颗粒物（PM2.5）和臭氧中。墨西哥城（MC）儿童表现出全身和脑部炎症，脑脊液（CSF） A β(1-42)低，鼻、嗅觉、肺泡-毛细血管、十二指肠和血脑屏障破裂，脑容量和代谢性改变，注意力和短期记忆缺陷，以及AD和帕金森病的特征。空气中富含铁的强磁性燃烧衍生纳米颗粒（CDNPs）存在于年轻城市居民的大脑中。利用透射电子显微镜，我们记录了年轻MC居民的神经元、胶质细胞、脉络膜丛和神经血管单位的CDNPs与匹配的清洁空气对照。CDNPs与线粒体、内质网（ER）、线粒体-内质网接触（MERCs）、轴突和树突的病理相关。球形CDNPs（约85%）与角形、自面体内源NPs（约85%）在大小和数量上有显著差异。
Millions of children and young adults are exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Mexico City (MC) children exhibit systemic and brain inflammation, low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A beta(1-42), breakdown of nasal, olfactory, alveolar-capillary, duodenal, and blood-brain barriers, volumetric and metabolic brain changes, attention and short-term memory deficits, and hallmarks of AD and Parkinson's disease. Airborne iron-rich strongly magnetic combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) are present in young urbanites' brains. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented CDNPs in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, and neurovascular units of young MC residents versus matched clean air controls. CDNPs are associated with pathology in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), axons, and dendrites. There is a significant difference in size and numbers between spherical CDNPs (>85%) and the angular, euhedral endogenous NPs (