What about False Insights? Deconstructing the Aha! Experience along Its Multiple Dimensions for Correct and Incorrect Solutions Separately.
What about False Insights? Deconstructing the Aha! Experience along Its Multiple Dimensions for Correct and Incorrect Solutions Separately.
复制标题
那虚假见解呢？解构aha！沿其多个维度经验，以分别以正确和不正确的解决方案。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02077
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Wiley J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danek AH;Wiley J
主观的啊哈！解决问题的人在找到解决方案时经常报告的经验已被视为洞察力的标志。如果啊哈！与有洞察力的解决方案过程密切相关，那么从理论上讲，只有当找到正确的解决方案时才能体验到。然而，很少有工作探讨啊哈！经验也可能伴随着不正确的解决方案（“错误的见解”）。同样，虽然Aha！经验不是一个单一的结构，很少有工作探讨了不同的方面，已提出作为其组成部分。为了解决这些文献中的空白，70名参与者被提出了一组难题（37个魔术），并对他们的每个解决方案进行了Aha！以及关于解决方案出现的突然性、正确的不确定性、惊喜、快乐、解脱和动力。解决时间也被用来作为预测的啊哈！体验.本研究报告了三个主要发现：第一，错误的见解存在。第二，啊哈！体验是多维度的，由快乐、突然和主动三个关键要素组成。第三，虽然哈哈！正确和不正确的解决方案的经验共享这三个共同的维度，它们在数量和质量方面也有不同的经验，正确的解决方案出现得更快，导致更强的啊哈！体验，以及更高的快乐、突然和不确定性评分。解决方案的正确性提供了一个稍微不同的情感色彩的啊哈！经验，以及对正确解决方案的救济和对不正确解决方案的惊讶的额外感知。这些结果对Aha！经验可以作为一个明确的信号，表明一个真正的洞察力已经发生。另一方面，正确和不正确的解决方案的经验的数量和质量的差异表明，啊哈！经验并不仅仅是一种附带现象。坚强啊！经验显然与正确的解决办法有联系，但并不完全如此。
The subjective Aha! experience that problem solvers often report when they find a solution has been taken as a marker for insight. If Aha! is closely linked to insightful solution processes, then theoretically, an Aha! should only be experienced when the correct solution is found. However, little work has explored whether the Aha! experience can also accompany incorrect solutions (“false insights”). Similarly, although the Aha! experience is not a unitary construct, little work has explored the different dimensions that have been proposed as its constituents. To address these gaps in the literature, 70 participants were presented with a set of difficult problems (37 magic tricks), and rated each of their solutions for Aha! as well as with regard to Suddenness in the emergence of the solution, Certainty of being correct, Surprise, Pleasure, Relief, and Drive. Solution times were also used as predictors for the Aha! experience. This study reports three main findings: First, false insights exist. Second, the Aha! experience is multidimensional and consists of the key components Pleasure, Suddenness and Certainty. Third, although Aha! experiences for correct and incorrect solutions share these three common dimensions, they are also experienced differently with regard to magnitude and quality, with correct solutions emerging faster, leading to stronger Aha! experiences, and higher ratings of Pleasure, Suddenness, and Certainty. Solution correctness proffered a slightly different emotional coloring to the Aha! experience, with the additional perception of Relief for correct solutions, and Surprise for incorrect ones. These results cast some doubt on the assumption that the occurrence of an Aha! experience can serve as a definitive signal that a true insight has taken place. On the other hand, the quantitative and qualitative differences in the experience of correct and incorrect solutions demonstrate that the Aha! experience is not a mere epiphenomenon. Strong Aha! experiences are clearly, but not exclusively linked to correct solutions.