Regulation of sleep homeostasis by sexual arousal.
Regulation of sleep homeostasis by sexual arousal.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.27445
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发表时间：
2017-09-12
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Gilestro GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beckwith EJ;Geissmann Q;French AS;Gilestro GF
在所有动物中，睡眠压力都处于持续的严格调节之下。人们普遍认为，这种调节来自于一个两个过程的模型，整合了昼夜节律和稳态控制器。在这里，我们探讨了环境社会信号作为睡眠稳态和睡眠压力的第三个平行控制器的作用。我们表明，在果蝇雄性，睡眠剥夺后的睡眠压力可以抵消提高他们的性唤起，无论是从事长期的求偶活动的苍蝇或仅仅是通过暴露于女性信息素。人类一生中有三分之一的时间都在睡觉，但为什么我们（和其他动物）需要睡觉仍然是生物学上一个未解之谜。我们对睡眠的渴望取决于我们已经睡了多少觉。如果我们在白天小睡了很长时间，我们可能会发现晚上很难入睡;相反，如果我们彻夜狂欢，我们第二天很难保持清醒。这种睡眠压力的变化被称为“睡眠稳态”。睡眠稳态会被抑制吗？我们知道有些候鸟在飞越海洋时能够抗拒睡眠。此外，一种北极鸟类的雄性在每年三周的窗口期放弃睡觉，因为这是该物种雌性繁殖的时间。这些例子表明，一些行为或环境因素可能会影响睡眠稳态。贝克维斯等人现在表明，性唤起会破坏果蝇的睡眠稳态。在“相亲”实验中，年轻的雄性果蝇和雌性果蝇被关在一个小试管里，促使它们进行24小时的求爱和交配。在这段时间里，雄性没有睡觉，之后也没有弥补失去的睡眠。在其他实验中，雄性果蝇被机器人保持清醒，每次他们试图睡觉时都会打扰他们。经过这样的处理后，苍蝇通常会尝试小睡。但是，如果睡眠不足的果蝇暴露在雌性果蝇释放的一种化学物质中，这种化学物质会增加它们的性唤起，它们就不再需要睡觉了。总的来说，Beckwith等人提出的结果表明，睡眠是一种生物驱动力，在某些条件下可以克服。这对睡眠研究人员来说很重要，因为这意味着有可能在不激活直接参与调节睡眠的大脑回路的情况下影响睡眠调节（可能是通过使动物感到紧张或兴奋）。
In all animals, sleep pressure is under continuous tight regulation. It is universally accepted that this regulation arises from a two-process model, integrating both a circadian and a homeostatic controller. Here we explore the role of environmental social signals as a third, parallel controller of sleep homeostasis and sleep pressure. We show that, in Drosophila melanogaster males, sleep pressure after sleep deprivation can be counteracted by raising their sexual arousal, either by engaging the flies with prolonged courtship activity or merely by exposing them to female pheromones. Humans spend one-third of their lifetime sleeping, but why we (and other animals) need to sleep remains an unresolved mystery of biology. Our desire to sleep changes depending on how much sleep we’ve already had. If we’ve had a long nap during the day, we may find it harder to fall asleep at night; conversely, if we stay up all night partying, we’ll have a difficult time staying alert the next day. This change in the pressure to sleep is known as “sleep homeostasis”. Can sleep homeostasis be suppressed? We know that some migratory birds are able to resist sleep while flying over the ocean. In addition, males of an Arctic bird species forgo sleep for courtship during the three-week window every year when females of its species are fertile. These examples suggest that some behavioral or environmental factors may influence sleep homeostasis. Beckwith et al. now show that sexual arousal can disrupt sleep homeostasis in fruit flies. In “blind date” experiments, young male fruit flies were kept in a small tube with female fruit flies, prompting a 24-hour period of courtship and mating. The males went without sleep during that period, and they did not make up for the lost sleep afterward. In other experiments, male fruit flies were kept awake by a robot that disturbed them every time they tried to sleep. After such treatment, the flies normally attempted to nap. But if the sleep-deprived flies were exposed to a chemical emitted by female flies that increased their sexual arousal, they no longer needed to sleep. Overall, the results presented by Beckwith et al. show that sleep is a biological drive that can be overcome under certain conditions. This will be important for sleep researchers to remember, because it means that it’s possible to affect sleep regulation (perhaps by making the animal stressed or aroused) without activating the brain circuits directly involved in regulating sleep.