A coupled modelling approach to assess the effect of fuel treatments on post-wildfire runoff and erosion
A coupled modelling approach to assess the effect of fuel treatments on post-wildfire runoff and erosion
复制标题
用于评估燃料处理对野火后径流和侵蚀影响的耦合建模方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. S. Burns
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Sidman;D. Phillip;A. Guertin;D. Goodrich;D. Thoma;D. Falk;I. S. Burns
野火的水文后果是其最重要和最持久的影响之一。由于野火的真实性影响火灾后的水文反应，燃料处理是土地管理者减轻这种反应的有效工具。然而，目前的模型只侧重于一个方面的火灾流域的联系（燃料处理，火灾行为，火灾的严重性，流域的反应）。本研究概述了一种空间建模方法，耦合三个模型顺序使用，让管理人员模拟燃料处理后火灾水文响应的影响。案例研究涉及计划规定的火灾在锡安国家公园和计划的机械疏化在布莱斯峡谷国家公园被用来演示的方法。燃料处理被改造使用燃料CalcandFlamMap内的WildlandFireAssessmentTool（WFAT）。第一阶Firefighters模型（FOFEM）内WFAT被用来评估燃料处理的有效性，通过模拟野火处理和未处理的景观。然后使用自动地理空间流域评估工具（AGWA）中的KINEROS 2对野火后的水文响应进行建模。这种耦合模型方法可以帮助管理人员估计计划的燃料处理对野火严重程度和野火后径流或侵蚀的影响，并比较各种燃料处理方案，以优化资源并最大限度地提高缓解效果。
The hydrological consequences of wildfires are among their most significant and long-lasting effects. As wildfireseverityaffectspost-firehydrologicalresponse,fueltreatmentscanbeausefultoolforlandmanagerstomoderate this response. However, current models focus on only one aspect of the fire-watershed linkage (fuel treatments, fire behaviour, fire severity, watershed responses). This study outlines a spatial modelling approach that couples three models used sequentially to allow managers to model the effects of fuel treatments on post-fire hydrological responses. Case studies involving a planned prescribed fire at Zion National Park and a planned mechanical thinning at Bryce Canyon NationalParkwereusedtodemonstratetheapproach.FueltreatmentsweremodelledusingFuelCalcandFlamMapwithin theWildlandFireAssessmentTool(WFAT).TheFirstOrderFireEffectsModel(FOFEM)withinWFATwasthenusedto evaluate the effectiveness of the fuel treatments by modelling wildfires on both treated and untreated landscapes. Post- wildfire hydrological response was then modelled using KINEROS2 within the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool (AGWA). This coupled model approach could help managers estimate the effect of planned fuel treatments on wildfire severity and post-wildfire runoff or erosion, and compare various fuel treatment scenarios to optimise resources and maximise mitigation results.