The use of the linear reservoir concept to quantify the impact of changes in land use on the hydrology of catchments in the Andes
The use of the linear reservoir concept to quantify the impact of changes in land use on the hydrology of catchments in the Andes
复制标题
使用线性水库概念量化土地利用变化对安第斯山脉流域水文的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Deckers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Buytaert;B. Bièvre;G. Wyseure;J. Deckers
抽象的。厄瓜多尔南部安第斯山脉地区（帕拉莫）气候寒冷潮湿。帕拉莫地区的大多数土壤都是安多土和组织土，具有非常高的保水能力，干燥会造成不可逆的影响。帕拉莫土壤的这一关键特性可以缓冲集水区的流出，从而形成几乎均匀的流出模式，尽管降雨量存在变化，但在空间和时间上可能变化很大。这些土壤是人口稠密的安第斯洼地地区最重要的饮用水和灌溉水库。帕拉莫长期以来只是一个广阔的牧场，但最近的人口压力和土地稀缺增加了耕种。对两个小型帕拉莫流域（约 2 平方公里）的降水和排放进行了一年多的集中监测，以评估此类土地利用变化对水文特性的影响。其中一个流域位于未受干扰的地区，集中放牧，而在另一个流域，当地农民大约五年前开始密集排水以种植马铃薯。线性水库概念已用于评估集水区的峰值响应和基流的总体保留能力。在此模型中，每个流域都被视为一系列独立的平行水库，每个水库都以平均停留时间 (T) 为特征。在每个流域，可以区分三个主要的平均停留时间。在未受干扰的流域中，立即响应，T 为 5.4 小时，随后是较慢的响应，T 为 44.3 小时。基流的平均 T 值为 360 小时。耕地流域的响应相似，T 值分别为 3.6 小时、27.2 小时和 175 小时。因此，受扰动流域的泄水速度比未受扰动流域快约 40%，基流迅速降至较低水平。线性水库模型是量化土地利用变化对帕拉莫流域水调节能力影响的简单方法。关键词：线性水库、帕拉莫、山区水文、土地利用变化、厄瓜多尔
Abstract. The high Andes region of South Ecuador (The Paramo) is characterised by a cold and wet climate. Most soils of the Paramo region are Andosols and Histosols, with a very high water retention capacity that is affected irreversibly by drying. This key property of Paramo soils buffers catchment outflow, resulting in an almost uniform outflow pattern which, notwithstanding the variability in rainfall, can be very variable in space and time. These soils serve as the most important reservoir of drinking and irrigation water for the densely populated inter-Andean depression region. The Paramo has long served only as an extensive grazing area but recent population pressure and land scarcity have increased cultivation. Two small Paramo catchments (about 2 km2) were monitored intensively for precipitation and discharge for over a year to assess the effect of such land-use changes on the hydrological properties. One catchment is in an undisturbed area and grazed intensively while in the other, local farmers started intensive drainage for cultivation of potatoes about five years ago. The linear reservoir concept has been used to assess the overall retention capacity of the catchments in terms of both peak response and base flow. In this model, every catchment is considered as a series of independent parallel reservoirs, each characterised by mean residence times (T). In every catchment, three major mean residence times can be distinguished. In the undisturbed catchment, an immediate response, characterised by a T of 5.4 hours, is followed by a slower response with a T of 44.3 h. The base flow has a mean T value of 360 h. The response of the cultivated catchment is similar with T values of 3.6 h, 27.2 h and 175 h, respectively. As a result, in the disturbed catchment, water release is about 40% faster than in the undisturbed catchment, so that the base flow falls rapidly to lower levels. The linear reservoir model is a simple way of quantifying the impact of land use changes on the water regulation capacity of Paramo catchments. Keywords: linear reservoir, Paramo, mountain hydrology, land use changes, Ecuador