Flexibility, dynamism and diversity in energy supply and demand: A critical review

Flexibility, dynamism and diversity in energy supply and demand: A critical review
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能源供需的灵活性、活力和多样性:批判性回顾

DOI:
10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.014
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Grunewald P
Grunewald P
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grunewald P

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灵活性对电力系统的运行至关重要。它保证了系统能够在真实的时间内保持供需平衡。直到最近,灵活性的提供是使用化石燃料作为方便的存储介质的火力发电的幸运副产品。可再生能源的迅速崛起对这一模式提出了重大挑战。随着火力发电站越来越多地被更多变的可再生能源电力所取代,迫切需要新形式的灵活性。这一角色的两个有希望的候选者是能源存储和需求侧响应。本文认为,在低碳系统中,灵活性有时和在某些地方可能会取代对组件效率的需求,以提高整体系统效率。我们在回顾了供应和需求方面灵活性的起源之后得出了这一结论。在这两个领域中,材料冗余、公差和技能的概念是相关的,有助于我们理解灵活性的潜力和局限性。在需求方面,如果要弥合技术潜力和实现潜力之间的差距,可能需要开发新的能力,包括技能和社会规范。
Flexibility is vital to the operation of electricity systems. It ensures that the system can keep supply and demand in balance in real time. Until recently the provision of flexibility was a fortunate by-product of thermal power generation using fossil fuels as a convenient storage medium. The rapid emergence of renewables poses a major challenge to this model. As thermal power stations are increasingly displaced with more variable renewable sources of electricity, new forms of flexibility are urgently needed. Two promising candidates for this role are energy storage and demand side response.This paper argues that in low carbon systems flexibility may at times and in certain places supersede the need for component efficiency, in order to improve overall system efficiency. We reach this conclusion after reviewing the origins of flexibility on the supply and the demand side. In both domains the concepts of material redundancy, tolerances and skills are pertinent and help our understanding of the potential for and limitations to flexibility.On the demand side new capacities may need to be developed, including skills and societal norms, if the gap between technical and realised potential is to be closed.
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