Tree-leaf chemicals and feeding behavior of arboreal mammals in seasonal environment
Tree-leaf chemicals and feeding behavior of arboreal mammals in seasonal environment
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季节性环境中树栖哺乳动物的树叶化学物质和摄食行为
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_25-1
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hayashi Fumio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito Mutsumi;Hayashi Fumio
哺乳动物食草动物被认为吃高营养的植物，但要避开那些含有有害化学成分的植物。大多数物种选择性地吃植物，但也有一些物种对有害的植物化学物质产生了耐受性。食物选择发生在树种、同种树、同一树内的叶子和叶子部分之间。叶的化学成分在这些层次结构中也不同。然而，与其他食用草本植物、种子、坚果和水果的哺乳动物相比，树叶食性哺乳动物(如树栖灵长类动物、啮齿动物和有袋类动物)中植物化学物质对食物选择性的影响尚不清楚。此外，叶化学物质的季节变化以及化学物质在单叶内的微尺度分布的影响很少被研究。本章展示了树叶化学物质如何影响树栖哺乳动物的取食行为，并以日本大飞鼠为案例，在它们的季节性环境中。这种飞松鼠有一种奇怪的方式，只吃一片树叶的中央部分。对单叶内化学物质的微尺度分布和栖息地可用树木叶化学物质的季节变化的测量表明，糖浓度是影响它们取食哪些树种的重要因素，而总酚浓度则影响它们取食单叶的哪些部分。
Mammalian herbivores are considered to eat plants with high nutrition but to avoid those with harmful chemical components. Most species eat plants selectively, but some species develop tolerance to the harmful plant chemicals. Food selection occurs between tree species, conspecific trees, leaves within the same tree, and leaf parts. Leaf chemical components also differ in these hierarchical structures. However, the effects of plant chemicals on food selectivity are yet unknown in tree-leaf eating mammals such as arboreal primates, rodents, and marsupials, as compared with other mammals eating herbaceous plants, seeds, nuts, and fruits. Moreover, the effects of seasonal changes in leaf chemicals and the microscale distribution of chemicals within the single leaf have little examined. This chapter shows how tree-leaf chemicals affect feeding behavior of the arboreal mammals, also the Japanese giant flying squirrel as the case study, in their seasonal environments. This flying squirrel has a peculiar manner to eat only the central part of a single leaf. The measurements of the microscale distributions of chemicals within the single leaf and the seasonal changes in leaf chemicals of available trees in their habitat suggest that sugar concentration is an important factor affecting which species of trees they eat, and the total phenolic concentration affects which parts of the single leaf they eat.