The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean.
The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1601191
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Feltham D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horvat C;Jones DR;Iams S;Schroeder D;Flocco D;Feltham D
最近北极海冰的变薄和积水可能导致海冰下频繁、广泛的浮游植物大量繁殖。2011年7月，在楚科奇海海冰覆盖区域下观察到大量浮游植物水华，改变了科学共识，即北冰洋海冰覆盖区域不适合光合生物。虽然海冰下浮游植物大量繁殖对北冰洋生态和固碳的影响可能是显著的，但迄今为止，这些事件在现代北极和最近的过去的普遍程度尚不清楚。我们调查了过去30年来这些事件的时间、频率和演变。尽管海冰强烈地减弱了太阳辐射，但在过去30年里，海冰已显著变薄。夏季较薄的北极海冰越来越多地被融化的池塘所覆盖，这比裸露或积雪覆盖的冰层允许更多的光线穿透。我们的模型结果表明，最近的北极海冰变薄的主要原因是一个显着增加的患病率有利于冰下水华的光照条件。我们发现，早在20年前，冰下水华所需的条件可能并不常见，但它们的频率已经增加到7月份近30%的冰覆盖的北冰洋允许冰下水华。最近的气候变化可能显著改变了北冰洋的生态。
Recent thinning and ponding of Arctic sea ice may have led to frequent, extensive phytoplankton blooms under sea ice. In July 2011, the observation of a massive phytoplankton bloom underneath a sea ice–covered region of the Chukchi Sea shifted the scientific consensus that regions of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice were inhospitable to photosynthetic life. Although the impact of widespread phytoplankton blooms under sea ice on Arctic Ocean ecology and carbon fixation is potentially marked, the prevalence of these events in the modern Arctic and in the recent past is, to date, unknown. We investigate the timing, frequency, and evolution of these events over the past 30 years. Although sea ice strongly attenuates solar radiation, it has thinned significantly over the past 30 years. The thinner summertime Arctic sea ice is increasingly covered in melt ponds, which permit more light penetration than bare or snow-covered ice. Our model results indicate that the recent thinning of Arctic sea ice is the main cause of a marked increase in the prevalence of light conditions conducive to sub-ice blooms. We find that as little as 20 years ago, the conditions required for sub-ice blooms may have been uncommon, but their frequency has increased to the point that nearly 30% of the ice-covered Arctic Ocean in July permits sub-ice blooms. Recent climate change may have markedly altered the ecology of the Arctic Ocean.