Occupant localization using footstep-induced structural vibration
Occupant localization using footstep-induced structural vibration
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.04.026
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Noh, Hae Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mirshekari, Mostafa;Pan, Shijia;Noh, Hae Young
在本文中，我们提出了一种通过传感脚步引起的地板振动的乘员定位方法。居住者位置信息是许多智能建筑应用的重要组成部分，例如个人住宅中的能源和空间管理或医院病房中的患者跟踪。在智能建筑中采用当前的居住者位置感测方法（例如，照相机、射频（RF）、移动的设备等）由于这些传感系统的维护、安装和校准要求，通常是有限的。为了克服这些限制，我们引入了一种新的方法，使用脚步引起的结构振动进行台阶级乘员定位。这种方法背后的直觉是，脚步感生地板振动，该地板振动在不同的时间在不同的振动传感器位置被接收。本文的重点是定位一个单一的乘员在每个传感范围内。为了定位的脚步，我们利用到达时间差（TDoA）的脚步引起的振动。然而，该方法涉及两个主要挑战：（1）地板中的振动波传播具有色散性质（即，不同的频率分量以不同的速度传播）和（2）由于底板的不均匀性，这些波的传播速度在不同的结构中以及在结构中的不同位置中变化。这些问题导致较大的定位不准确性或校准要求。为了解决色散的挑战，我们提出了一种基于分解的色散缓解技术，提取特定的组件（具有相似的传播特性）的本地化。为了解决速度的变化，我们引入了一个自适应的approximation方法，采用approximistics约束的搜索空间和鲁棒定位的脚步时，传播速度是未知的。约束的搜索空间克服了额外的复杂性，这是由于添加一个未知变量（传播速度）。我们评估了我们的方法，在3种不同类型的建筑物（商业和住宅）与人类参与者的现场实验。结果显示，平均定位误差为0.34 m，与基线方法相比，误差减少了6倍。此外，我们的方法导致标准偏差低至0.18 m，与基线方法相比，精度提高了8.7倍。(C)2018爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
In this paper, we present an occupant localization approach through sensing footstep-induced floor vibrations. Occupant location information is an important part of many smart building applications, such as energy and space management in a personal home or patient tracking in a hospital room. Adoption of current occupant location sensing approaches in smart buildings (e.g., camera, radio frequency (RF), mobile devices, etc.) is often limited due to the maintenance, installment, and calibration requirements of these sensing systems To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new approach to use footstep-induce structural vibration for step-level occupant localization. The intuition behind this approach is that footsteps induce floor vibrations which are received in different vibration sensor locations at different times. This paper focuses on localizing a single occupant within each sensing range. To localize the footsteps, we utilize the time differences of arrival (TDoA) of the footstep-induced vibrations. However, this approach involves two main challenges: (1) the vibration wave propagation in the floor is of dispersive nature (i.e., different frequency components travel at different velocities) and (2) due to floor heterogeneity, these wave propagation velocities vary in different structures as well as in different locations in a structure. These issues lead to large localization inaccuracies or calibration requirements. To address dispersion challenge, we present a decomposition-based dispersion mitigation technique which extracts specific components (which have similar propagation characteristics) for localization. To address velocity variations, we introduce an adaptive multilateration approach that employs heuristics to constrain the search space and robustly locate the footsteps when the propagation velocity is unknown. Constraining the search space overcomes the additional complexity which is resulted from adding an unknown variable (propagation velocity). We evaluated our approach using the field experiments in 3 different types of buildings (both commercial and residential) with human participants. The results show an average localization error of 0.34 m, which corresponds to a 6X reduction in error compared to a baseline method. Furthermore, our approach resulted in standard deviation of as low as 0.18 m, which corresponds to a 8.7X improvement in precision compared to the baseline approach. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.