Legacy Lost: Genetic variability and population size of extirpated US gray wolves.
Legacy Lost: Genetic variability and population size of extirpated US gray wolves.
复制标题
失去的遗产：已灭绝的美国灰狼的遗传变异和种群规模。
DOI：
10.1017/s0094837300011702
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
R. Wayne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Leonard;C. Vilà;R. Wayne
环境、种间竞争以及历史对大型掠食性哺乳动物群落结构的影响在一个化石和四个近期群落中进行了探讨。强调了两个方面：(1)每个行会中的物种数量；(2)从组成物种之间的形态学推断出的运动收敛程度。运动行为反映了栖息地选择、狩猎模式和逃跑策略，这些都是共存捕食者之间适应分化的重要途径。已灭绝和现存捕食者的运动行为是由体重和颅后骨骼的五个测量特征决定的，包括足部形状、肘部形状和肢体比例。结果表明，东非热带草原群落中大型捕食者的形态和生态相似性高于热带或温带森林群落。这可能是由于高产草地上陆生食草动物的密度和多样性。来自北美晚夏德龙-奥雷兰（渐新世）的化石行会，看起来与热带森林行会最相似，但捕食者似乎比现代同行更慢，更强壮。由于Orellan代表了大型裂肢食肉动物进化的早期阶段，祖先和时间可能都影响了Orellan的公会结构。
The impact of environment, interspecific competition, and, to a lesser extent history, on the structure of the guild of large predatory mammals is explored in one fossil and four Recent communities. Two aspects are emphasized: (1) the number of species within each guild and (2) the extent of locomotor convergence as inferred from morphology among the constituent species. Locomotor behavior reflects habitat choice, hunting mode, and escape strategy, all of which appear to be important avenues of adaptive divergence among coexisting predators.Locomotor behavior in extinct and extant predators is determined from body weight and five measured characteristics of the postcranial skeleton, including ungual shape, elbow shape, and limb proportions. Results indicate that levels of morphologic and inferred ecologic similarity between large predators are higher in the tropical grassland guild of East Africa than in the equivalent guilds of either tropical or temperate forest. This may be due to the great density and diversity of terrestrial herbivores in the productive grasslands. The fossil guild, from the Late Chadron–Orellan (Oligocene) of North America, appears most similar to the tropical forest guilds, but the predators seem to have been slower and more robust than their modern counterparts. Since the Orellan represents an early stage in the evolution of large, fissiped carnivores, both ancestry and time could have influenced Orellan guild structure.