The Brazilian Cerrado: assessment of water and soil degradation in catchments under intensive agricultural use
The Brazilian Cerrado: assessment of water and soil degradation in catchments under intensive agricultural use
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DOI：
10.1002/eco.1573
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Zeilhofer, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunke, Philip;Mueller, Eva Nora;Zeilhofer, Peter
巴西塞拉多被认为是世界上最受威胁的生物群落之一，因为该地区经历了从自然塞拉多植被到密集经济作物生产的惊人变化。本文回顾了塞拉多土地转换的历史，以及过去和正在进行的土地利用下的土壤性质和水资源的发展。我们比较了土壤和水质参数从不同的土地利用考虑80土壤和18个水的研究在不同地区进行的Cerrado的土壤和水的变化从土地利用changes.After转换本地Cerrado，土壤pH值的显着影响，容重和有效的P和K的农田和不太明显的影响牧场是显而易见的。土壤总氮在不同土地利用方式之间没有差异，因为大多数被归类为农田的地点都是固氮大豆，这些大豆没有人工施过氮肥。与此相反，水质研究表明，氮富集在农业集水区，表明肥料的影响和潜在的富营养化的敏感性。无论土地利用，磷是广泛缺乏，因为高度风化的土壤和河岸植被的过滤能力的高固定能力。然而，在整个水生系统中始终检测到农药。在几个案例研究中，极高的峰值浓度超过了巴西和欧洲联盟（欧盟）的水质限值，这可能伴随着严重的健康影响。土地使用的集约化可能会继续下去，特别是在塞拉多东北部和西部预计年降雨量减少和严重干旱的地区。因此，预计农业化学品的沥滤风险和置换将增加，特别是因为现行立法导致河岸植被减少。我们的结论是，土地利用集约化可能会严重限制塞拉多的未来农业生产力和生态系统的稳定性。由于只有有限的数据，我们建议进一步的实地研究，以了解陆生和水生系统之间的相互作用。这项研究可作为一个有价值的数据库，用于综合建模，以调查土地利用和气候变化对土壤和水资源的影响，并测试和制定塞拉多的缓解措施。版权所有（C）2014约翰威利父子有限公司
The Brazilian Cerrado is recognized as one of the most threatened biomes in the world, as the region has experienced a striking change from natural Cerrado vegetation to intense cash crop production. This paper reviews the history of land conversion in the Cerrado and the development of soil properties and water resources under past and ongoing land use. We compared soil and water quality parameters from different land uses considering 80 soil and 18 water studies conducted in different regions across the Cerrado to provide quantitative evidence of soil and water alterations from land use change.Following the conversion of native Cerrado, significant effects on soil pH, bulk density and available P and K for croplands and less-pronounced effects on pastures were evident. Soil total N did not differ between land uses because most of the sites classified as croplands were nitrogen-fixing soybeans, which are not artificially fertilized with N. In contrast, water quality studies showed nitrogen enrichment in agricultural catchments, indicating fertilizer impacts and potential susceptibility to eutrophication. Regardless of the land use, P is widely absent because of the high-fixing capacities of deeply weathered soils and the filtering capacity of riparian vegetation. Pesticides, however, were consistently detected throughout the entire aquatic system. In several case studies, extremely high-peak concentrations exceeded Brazilian and European Union (EU) water quality limits, which were potentially accompanied by serious health implications. Land use intensification is likely to continue, particularly in regions where less annual rainfall and severe droughts are projected in the northeastern and western Cerrado. Thus, the leaching risk and displacement of agrochemicals are expected to increase, particularly because the current legislation has caused a reduction in riparian vegetation. We conclude that land use intensification is likely to seriously limit the Cerrado's future regarding both agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. Because only limited data are available, we recommend further field studies to understand the interaction between terrestrial and aquatic systems. This study may serve as a valuable database for integrated modelling to investigate the impact of land use and climate change on soil and water resources and to test and develop mitigation measures for the Cerrado. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.