Why does Candida albicans switch?
Why does Candida albicans switch?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00562.x
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
D. Soll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Soll
白色念珠菌的白色不透明转换于1987年首次发现。15年后，也就是交配系统被发现的3年后，人们证明，从白色到不透明的转变是交配过程中必不可少的一步。但是后一个发现并没有揭示为什么C。白色念珠菌有这种要求，而酿酒酵母和其他半子囊菌没有。有交配能力的不透明细胞通过释放信息素，向无交配能力的白色细胞发出信号，使其变得具有粘性并形成生物膜，这一发现为这个基本问题提供了线索。不透明的细胞似乎向白色细胞发出信号，形成生物膜，通过保护指导向化性的信息素的脆弱梯度来促进交配，这是融合所必需的过程。在这里，我们探索的发现和观察，导致了这一假设，和辅助问题，已经上升到有关的独特的信息素反应的调节，这种反应的演变和信息素增强的白色细胞生物膜和'无性'生物膜形成的a/α细胞之间的关系。因此，本讨论集中在一个独特的和复杂的组成部分的基本生物学的C。与转换、交配和发病有关的白色念珠菌。
White-opaque switching in Candida albicans was first discovered in 1987. Fifteen years later, and three years after the discovery of the mating system, it was demonstrated that the switch from white to opaque was an essential step in the mating process. But this latter discovery did not reveal why C. albicans had this requirement, when Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other hemiascomycetes did not. The discovery that mating-competent opaque cells signaled mating-incompetent white cells, through the release of pheromones, to become adhesive and form biofilms provided a clue to this fundamental question. Opaque cells appeared to signal white cells to form biofilms that facilitated mating by protecting the fragile gradients of the pheromone that directed chemotropism, a process necessary for fusion. Here, we explore the discoveries and observations that have led to this hypothesis, and the ancillary questions that have risen that are related to the regulation of the unique pheromone response, the evolution of this response and the relationship between pheromone-enhanced white cell biofilms and 'asexual' biofilms formed by a/alpha cells. This discussion, therefore, focuses on a unique and complex component of the basic biology of C. albicans that relates switching, mating and pathogenesis.