Communist party membership and regime dynamics in China
Communist party membership and regime dynamics in China
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DOI：
10.1353/sof.2001.0006
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Logan, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bian, YJ;Shu, XL;Logan, JR
本文采用事件历史分析的方法，考察了1949年至1993年期间，政治筛选和教育资历的标准在中国共产党党员资格的获得过程中是如何演变的，以及党员资格又是如何影响个人进入精英政治和管理职位的流动性的。我们认为，政治筛选是一个持久的功能和所有共产党的生存策略，并确保政治筛选的机制受到不同历史时期的政权议程的影响。利用1993年在上海和天津进行的调查数据，我们发现，在1949年后的所有时期，政治筛选措施一直是党员获得的重要预测因素，在1978年后的改革时代，党员身份与政治和管理权力职位的流动性呈正相关。在1978年后的这段时期，教育成为了一个重要的预测指标。这些发现表明，中国已经做出了历史性的转变，在受过教育的人中招募人才，以创造一个既有职业能力又经过政治筛选的技术官僚精英。
This article uses event history analyses to examine how the criteria of political screening and educational credentials evolve in the attainment of Chinese Communist Party membership during the period between 1949 and 1993 and how party membership, in turn, influences individual mobility into elite political and managerial positions. We argue that political screening is a persistent feature and a survival strategy of all Communist parties and that the mechanisms of ensuring political screening are affected by the regime's agendas in different historical periods. Using data from surveys conducted in Shanghai and Tianjin in 1993, we found that measures of political screening were persistently significant predictors of party membership attainment in all post-1949 periods and that party membership is positively associated with mobility into positions of political and managerial authority during the post-1978 reform era. Education emerged to be a significant predictor of Communist party membership in the post-1978 period. These findings indicate that China has made historical shifts to recruit among the educated to create a technocratic elite that is both occupationally competent and politically screened.