Eugenics and genetic testing.
Eugenics and genetic testing.
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优生学和基因检测。
DOI：
10.1017/s0269889700003100
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Holtzman,NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holtzman,NA
降低医疗费用的压力仍然是优生方法的重要刺激因素。产前诊断后，流产受影响的胎儿已取代绝育作为主要的优生技术。自愿接受取代了强制，但微妙的压力破坏了个人自主权。当产前诊断被用于预测孟德尔遗传病时，旧优生学无法准确预测谁会影响后代的现象几乎消失了。然而，当产前诊断被用来检测遗传易感性成人发病，常见的，复杂的疾病，相当大的不确定性是固有的预测。不宽容和基因决定论的复苏是目前优生方法的压力。越来越多地使用携带者筛查（以确定那些有感染后代风险的人）和产前诊断本身就可能导致对拒绝这些程序的人的不容忍。遗传决定论使社会偏离了社会行动，这种社会行动将减少疾病负担，甚至远远超过最大限度地使用优生学。
Pressures to lower health-care costs remain an important stimulus to eugenic approaches. Prenatal diagnosis followed by abortion of affected fetuses has replaced sterilization as the major eugenic technique. Voluntary acceptance has replaced coercion, but subtle pressures undermine personal autonomy. The failure of the old eugenics to accurately predict who will have affected offspring virtually disappears when prenatal diagnosis is used to predict Mendelian disorders. However, when prenatal diagnosis is used to detect inherited susceptibilities to adult-onset, common, complex disorders, considerable uncertainty is inherent in the prediction. Intolerance and the resurgence of genetic determinism are current pressures for a eugenic approach. The increasing use of carrier screening (to identify those at risk of having affected offspring) and of prenatal diagnosis could itself generate intolerance for those who refuse the procedures. Genetic determinism deflects society from social action that would reduce the burden of disease far more than even the maximum use of eugenics.