Late Quaternary History and Evolution of the Cerrados as Revealed by Palynological Records
Late Quaternary History and Evolution of the Cerrados as Revealed by Palynological Records
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孢粉学记录揭示的塞拉多斯晚期第四纪历史和演化
DOI：
10.7312/oliv12042-002
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
M. Ledru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Ledru
塞拉多是人为的还是自然形成的，在上个世纪一直是一个激烈争论的问题。事实上，塞拉多和森林可以出现在同一地区、同一纬度、同一气候条件下（第2、6章）。这些观察产生了两种关于塞拉多起源的假设。第一种观点基于对适应火的物种的观察，支持人为引起的植被起源，这表明cerrados可能是在火的影响下干燥森林的发展造成的（Lund 1835; Loefgren 1897; Aubreville 1961; Schnell 1961; Eiten 1972）。第二种假说支持塞拉多的自然起源，其依据是塞拉多出现在最近才被人类殖民的地区，以及在更新世末期发现了生活在开阔森林景观中的已灭绝的巨型哺乳动物（Warming 1918 in Warming and Ferri 1973; Azevedo 1965; Cartelle 1991; Guerin 1991; Vilhena Vialou et al. 1995）。孢粉学研究始于20世纪80年代末的巴西，为阐明植被和气候变化的模式和原因提供了一个极好的工具。在湖泊或沼泽中积累的花粉粒在沉积物中保存得很好，可以显示植被如何随时间和空间变化。塞拉多花粉参考资料集的建立和花粉图谱的出版（Salgado-Labouriau 1973）为研究提供了便利。在本章中，我将首先从现代花粉雨的角度给出塞拉多的定义，然后回顾已发表的化石花粉图
Whether cerrados are anthropogenic or natural formations has been a matter of strong debate over the last century. The fact is that cerrados and forests can occur in the same region, at the same latitude, under the same climatic conditions (chapters 2, 6). These observations generated two types of hypotheses about the origin of the cerrado. The first favors the human-induced origin of the vegetation and is based on observations of fire-adapted species, which suggest that cerrados would result from the development of dry forests under the influence of fire (Lund 1835; Loefgren 1897; Aubreville 1961; Schnell 1961; Eiten 1972). The second hypothesis supports the natural origin of the cerrados based on the occurrence of cerrados in areas only recently colonized by humans, and on the discovery of extinct giant mammals living in open forest landscapes at the end of the Pleistocene (Warming 1918 in Warming and Ferri 1973; Azevedo 1965; Cartelle 1991; Guerin 1991; Vilhena Vialou et al. 1995). Palynological research started in Brazil at the end of the 1980s and has provided an excellent tool for the elucidation of patterns and causes of vegetation and climate change. Pollen grains accumulated in lakes or bogs are well preserved in sedimentary deposits and can show how the vegetation changed through time and space. The construction of pollen reference collections and publication of a pollen atlas for the cerrados (Salgado-Labouriau 1973) has facilitated the research. In this chapter I will first give a definition of the cerrado in terms of modern pollen rain and subsequently review the published fossil pollen diagrams