Were chickens exploited in the Neolithic early rice cultivation society of the lower Yangtze River?
Were chickens exploited in the Neolithic early rice cultivation society of the lower Yangtze River?
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-019-00783-x
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Matsui, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eda, Masaki;Kikuchi, Hiroki;Matsui, Akira
一个多世纪以来，鸡（Gallus gallus Domesticus）驯化的起源一直存在争议。中国，特别是中国北方，被认为是最早驯化鸡的中心之一，因为在许多考古遗址发现了许多所谓的鸡骨头。然而，对中国北方全新世早期遗址的考古家养鸡骨的鉴定仍然存在争议。中国南方靠近野生红原鸡（G. gallus）现代分布区的新石器时代鸡的开发情况仍不清楚，因为该地区的鸟骨分析很少。为了揭示中国南方新石器时代鸟类尤其是鸡的开发利用情况，我们对位于长江下游、新石器时代早期稻作社会的大型村庄遗址田螺山遗址的鸟类遗骸进行了分析。鸭类（Anatinae）、雁科（Rallidae）和鹅/天鹅（Anserinae）占主导地位，这表明田螺山遗址的人们在遗址附近的内陆和咸水环境中捕食鸟类。虽然现场发现了两块原鸡大小的骨头，但它也包含在该地区五种本土雉鸡的大小范围内，骨头的物种鉴定还需要进一步研究。雉科骨骼仅占 NISP 的 0.4%，这表明雉科鸟类，包括家鸡和红原鸡，在田螺山遗址很少被开发利用。结果不支持红原鸡向北扩大野生分布，也不支持长江下游地区早期全新世鸡的开发。
The origins of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) domestication have remained debatable for over a century. China, and particularly northern China, has been claimed as one of the early centers for the domestication of chickens, because many alleged chicken bones have been discovered at a number of archeological sites. However, the identification of archeological domestic chicken bones from early Holocene sites in northern China remains contentious. The Neolithic chicken exploitation in southern China close to modern distribution area of wild red junglefowl (G. gallus) remained unclear, since analyses of bird bones were scarce in the region. To reveal the birds, especially chicken, exploitation in Neolithic southern China, we analyzed bird remains from Tianluoshan site which is located in the lower Yangtze River and is a ruin of large village in the Neolithic early rice cultivation society. Ducks (Anatinae), rails (Rallidae), and geese/swans (Anserinae) were dominant, suggesting that peoples in the Tianluoshan site got birds at inland and brackish waters environments near the site. Although two G. gallus size bones were found at the site, it is also included in the size range of five indigenous pheasants in the region and further studies are required for the species identification of the bones. Phasianidae bones occupied only 0.4% of NISP, suggesting Phasianidae birds, including domestic chickens and red junglefowls, were rarely exploited in the Tianluoshan site. The results did not support the north-word expanded wild distribution of red junglefowl nor early Holocene chicken exploitation in the lower Yangtze River.