The cost of natural selection
The cost of natural selection
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02984069
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发表时间：
1957-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HALDANE, J. B. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HALDANE, J. B. S.
自然选择不可能同时对多个性状进行大强度的选择，除非这些性状恰好受相同的基因控制。如果选择过于严格，物种就会灭绝。参数和公式的发展，自然选择的健身和进行选择性生存进化的单位过程中所需的死亡数量的抑制作用的定量估计。公式被开发用于估计选择的成本（1）在单倍体、克隆或自交生物体中，或对于母系遗传的细胞质性状，（2）在二倍体的常染色体基因座上，和在二倍体的性连锁基因座上。该论文的发展是，通过自然选择，一个基因取代另一个基因所需的死亡数量与选择的强度无关，除非选择非常强烈。据估计，这一数字约为一代生物数量的30倍。在horotelic进化中，每个基因替换所需的平均时间估计为300代。这与进化的缓慢相一致。|| 摘要：G. W.波恩
Natural selection cannot occur with great intensity for a number of characters at once unless they happen to be controlled by the same genes. The species becomes extinct if selection is too severe. Arguments and formulae are developed for quantitative estimates of the depressing effect of natural selection on fitness and of the number of deaths needed to carry out the unit process in evolution by selective survival. Formulae are developed for estimates of the cost of selection (1) in haploid, clonal, or self-fertilizing organisms, or for maternally inherited cytoplasmic characters, (2) at an autosomal locus in a diploid, and at a sex-linked locus in a diploid. The thesis is developed that the number of deaths needed to secure the substitution, by natural selection, of one gene for another is independent of the intensity of selection unless selection is very intense. The number is estimated to be about 30 times the number of organisms in a generation. The mean time required for each gene substitution in horotelic evolution is estimated at 300 generations. This accords with the slowness of evolution. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: G. W. Bonn