A Calibration Method of Short‐Time Waveform Signals Passed Through Linear Time‐Invariant Systems: 1. Methodology and Simple Examples

A Calibration Method of Short‐Time Waveform Signals Passed Through Linear Time‐Invariant Systems: 1. Methodology and Simple Examples
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通过线性时不变系统的短时波形信号的校准方法:1.方法和简单示例

DOI:
10.1029/2022rs007454
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
Hikishima M.
Hikishima M.
中科院分区:
计算机科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kitahara M.;Matsuda S.;Katoh Y.;Kojima H.;Kasahara Y.;Miyoshi Y.;Nakamura S.;Hikishima M.

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我们提出了一种精确的校准方法,用于通过具有不可忽略群延迟的线性时不变(LTI)系统的短时间波形信号。通常,波形数据的校准过程由时域中的反卷积表示,并且在频域中存在与傅立叶变换等效的运算。对于短时数据,如果在校准过程中对波形数据进行短时傅立叶变换,强烈建议将数据乘以窗函数,以减少旁瓣效应。然而,在校准过程中也修改了乘窗函数。对这种修改进行了数学分析,并推导出消除乘窗函数修改的方法。在该方法中,将频域中的校准数据逆变换为每个频率处的波形数据,除以每个频率处的修改的窗函数,并在频率上累积。定量推导了该方法的原理,指出标定精度与系统的传递函数、傅里叶变换的频率分辨率、窗函数的类型以及波形数据的典型频率有关。与传统的标定方法相比,该方法在各种情况下都能提供更准确的结果。这种方法对于校准通过LTI系统的一般无线电波信号以及校准空间观测到的等离子体波是有用的。
We propose an accurate calibration method for short‐time waveform signals passed through a linear time‐invariant (LTI) system that has a non‐negligible group delay. Typically, the calibration process of waveform data is expressed by the deconvolution in the time domain, and there is an equivalent operation in the frequency domain with the Fourier transform. For the short‐time data, if the short‐time Fourier transform is applied to the waveform data in the calibration process, multiplying the data by a window function is highly recommended to reduce side‐lobe effects. However, the multiplied window function is also modified in the calibration process. We analyzed the modification mathematically and derived a method to eliminate the modification of the multiplied window function. In the method, calibrated data in the frequency domain are inverse‐transformed into waveform data at each frequency, divided by a modified window function at each frequency, and accumulated over the frequencies. The principle of this method derived quantitatively indicates that the calibration accuracy depends on the transfer function of the system, frequency resolution of the Fourier transform, type of the window function, and typical frequency of the waveform data. Compared with conventional calibration methods, the proposed method provides more accurate results in various cases. This method should be useful for the calibration of general radio wave signals passed through LTI systems as well as for the calibration of plasma waves observed in space.
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