A satellite explosion in the genome of holocentric nematodes.

A satellite explosion in the genome of holocentric nematodes.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0062221
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Messeguer X
Messeguer X
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Subirana JA;Messeguer X

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基因组中的着丝粒序列与着丝粒的形成相关,纺锤体微管在有丝分裂中生长。着丝粒序列通常具有长串联重复序列(卫星)。在全中心线虫中,尚不清楚着丝粒在有丝分裂过程中是如何形成的。它们分布在整个染色体上。因此,研究线虫的卫星似乎很有意义,以确定它们是否提供了有关动粒如何在这些物种中组装的任何线索。我们研究了六种线虫基因组中的卫星。我们发现卫星的存在取决于线虫染色体是全着丝粒还是单着丝粒。事实证明,全心线虫是独一无二的,因为它们的基因组中散布着大量卫星。每个物种的数量、长度和组成都不同:它们显然没有什么进化保守性。相比之下,在单中心线虫旋毛虫​​中没有发现分散的卫星。看来,基因组中是否存在分散的卫星可以区分单中心线虫和全中心线虫。我们得出的结论是,卫星的存在与大多数线虫染色体的全中心性质有关。卫星可以稳定染色质的高级结构并促进动粒的形成。我们还推出了一个新程序 SATFIND,它适合寻找卫星序列。
Centromere sequences in the genome are associated with the formation of kinetochores, where spindle microtubules grow in mitosis. Centromere sequences usually have long tandem repeats (satellites). In holocentric nematodes it is not clear how kinetochores are formed during mitosis; they are distributed throughout the chromosomes. For this reason it appeared of interest to study the satellites in nematodes in order to determine if they offer any clue on how kinetochores are assembled in these species. We have studied the satellites in the genome of six nematode species. We found that the presence of satellites depends on whether the nematode chromosomes are holocentric or monocentric. It turns out that holocentric nematodes are unique because they have a large number of satellites scattered throughout their genome. Their number, length and composition are different in each species: they apparently have very little evolutionary conservation. In contrast, no scattered satellites are found in the monocentric nematode Trichinella spiralis. It appears that the absence/presence of scattered satellites in the genome distinguishes monocentric from holocentric nematodes. We conclude that the presence of satellites is related to the holocentric nature of the chromosomes of most nematodes. Satellites may stabilize a higher order structure of chromatin and facilitate the formation of kinetochores. We also present a new program, SATFIND, which is suited to find satellite sequences.
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