From Engrams to Pathologies of the Brain.
From Engrams to Pathologies of the Brain.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2017.00023
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ramirez S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denny CA;Lebois E;Ramirez S
记忆是将我们的过去与现在联系在一起的经验线索。记忆的生物学实现被称为记忆痕迹，这是一个持久的生物化学和生理过程，使学习和检索成为可能。在过去的十年里，记忆痕迹研究的爆炸式增长表明，我们正在接近记忆物理表现的边界条件。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个简短的历史记忆印迹研究，随后概述了许多啮齿动物模型可用于探测记忆与交叉策略，产生了前所未有的空间和时间分辨率超过定义的细胞集。然后，我们讨论的局限性和争议周围的记忆痕迹研究，并随后试图调和这些观点都与数据，并提出一个概念转变的策略来研究记忆。最后，我们将这一文献与人类记忆研究和大脑疾病联系起来，并为哺乳动物未来的记忆印迹研究提供了一个实验蓝图。总的来说，我们相信我们正处于一个神经科学的时代，在这个时代，记忆痕迹研究已经从短暂的哲学概念过渡到临时的、易处理的实验框架，用于研究记忆的细胞、电路和行为表现。
Memories are the experiential threads that tie our past to the present. The biological realization of a memory is termed an engram—the enduring biochemical and physiological processes that enable learning and retrieval. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of engram research that suggests we are closing in on boundary conditions for what qualifies as the physical manifestation of memory. In this review, we provide a brief history of engram research, followed by an overview of the many rodent models available to probe memory with intersectional strategies that have yielded unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution over defined sets of cells. We then discuss the limitations and controversies surrounding engram research and subsequently attempt to reconcile many of these views both with data and by proposing a conceptual shift in the strategies utilized to study memory. We finally bridge this literature with human memory research and disorders of the brain and end by providing an experimental blueprint for future engram studies in mammals. Collectively, we believe that we are in an era of neuroscience where engram research has transitioned from ephemeral and philosophical concepts to provisional, tractable, experimental frameworks for studying the cellular, circuit and behavioral manifestations of memory.