Sparking New Opportunities for Charcoal-Based Fire History Reconstructions
Sparking New Opportunities for Charcoal-Based Fire History Reconstructions
复制标题
为木炭火灾历史重建带来新机遇
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Blarquez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Aleman;A. Hennebelle;B. Vannière;O. Blarquez
古火研究是利用一系列代用指标（频率、燃烧面积、严重程度、强度等）研究过去的火灾状态。沉积档案中保存的木炭与火灾留下的树木年轮、火灾的化学标记物和黑碳残留物一起，构成了过去火灾制度最普遍的衡量标准之一[1,2]。沉积物中随时间积累的木炭量反映了燃烧生物量的变化，并捕获了其在多个时间尺度（例如，十年至千年）上的变异性范围。全球古火工作组第二阶段（GPWG2; http://pastglobalchanges.org/ini/wg/gpwg2/intro）是一个由科学家组成的团队，对重建不同环境中过去的火灾状态感兴趣。本文简要介绍了以木炭为基础的古火科学作为一门学科的演变，并介绍了GPWG2最近在蒙特利尔（2017年10月）组织的研讨会的成果，重点是古火知识在一系列生态系统挑战管理中的应用。孢粉学家艾弗森是第一个研究以木炭为基础的火灾信号的人，在花粉玻片上，作为环境变化的代表。但直到几十年后，在20世纪60年代末和70年代，随着Waddington， Simmons，和Mehringer等人的开创性工作，艾弗森的方法才被其他人采用。以木炭为基础的古火研究在20世纪90年代真正成为一门学科，随着开创性论文的发表（每年约20篇论文，图1b），以及以木炭为基础的古火研究发表的期刊多样性的增加（图1b），出版物数量不断增加（−1，图1b）。然而，自2005年以来，以木炭为基础的古火科学作为一门学科加速发展，出版物数量急剧增加，表明古火研究的目标受众范围正在扩大（图1b）。有趣的是，自1990年以来，以木炭为基础的古火科学的多学科应用有增加的趋势（图1a）。事实上，古火研究提供的长期视角对一系列社会环境研究具有吸引力，因为它可以跨多个时空尺度研究火、植被、土地利用、土地覆盖和气候变化之间的动态相互作用，而其他类型的代理数据大多无法实现。古火的观点提供了对生态系统功能的独特理解，因为生态过程，如不常见的大火（即离散的干扰事件），需要数百年的时间尺度才能完全理解。
Paleofire research is the study of past fire regimes using a suite of proxies (frequency, area burned, severity, intensity, etc.). Charcoal preserved in sedimentary archives constitutes one of the most ubiquitous measures of past fire regimes along with fire-scarred tree rings, chemical markers of fire, and black carbon residue [1,2]. The quantity of charcoal accumulating in sediments over time reflects changes in biomass burned and captures the range of its variability across multiple time scales (e.g., decadal to millennial [3]). The Global Paleofire Working Group Phase 2 (GPWG2; http://pastglobalchanges.org/ini/wg/gpwg2/intro) is a team of scientists interested in reconstructing past fire regimes in diverse environments. This paper provides a brief introduction to the evolution of charcoal-based paleofire science as a discipline and presents the outcome of the recent workshop organized by the GPWG2 in Montreal (October 2017), focusing on applications of paleofire knowledge to the management of a range of ecosystem challenges. The palynologist Iversen [4] was the first to study charcoal-based fire signals, on pollen slides, as a proxy for environmental change. But it was decades later, in the late 1960s and the 1970s, with the pioneering work of Waddington [5], Simmons [6], and Mehringer et al. [7], that Iversen’s approach became adopted by others. Charcoal-based paleofire research really emerged as a discipline during the 1990s, with an increasing number of publications (~20 paper year−1, Figure 1b), with the publication of seminal papers [3,8–11], as well as an incremental growth in the diversity of journals where charcoal-based paleofire research was being published (Figure 1b). Since 2005, however, charcoal-based paleofire science accelerated as a discipline, demonstrated by a sharp rise in the number of publications, indicating that the target audience of paleofire studies was expanding in scope (Figure 1b). Interestingly, since 1990, there has been a trend toward increasing multi-disciplinary applications of charcoal-based paleofire sciences (Figure 1a). Indeed, the long-term perspective afforded by paleofire research is appealing to a range of socio-environmental research, as it enables the study of the dynamic interplay among fire, vegetation, land-use, land-cover, and climate changes across multiple spatial and temporal scales that are mostly inaccessible with other types of proxy data [12]. A paleofire perspective provides a unique understanding of ecosystem functioning, because ecological processes, like large infrequent fires (i.e., a discrete disturbance event), require a multi-centennial time scale to be fully appreciated.
古生态学在保护中的应用~!2010-03-15~!2010-05-01~!2010-06-22~!
DOI：
10.2174/1874213001003020054
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
The Open Ecology Journal
影响因子：
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作者：
L D
通讯作者：
L D