Approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotaviruses.
Approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotaviruses.
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婴幼儿针对轮状病毒引起的胃肠炎的免疫方法。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Chanock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kapikian;R. Wyatt;H. Greenberg;A. Kalica;H. W. Kim;C. Brandt;W. Rodriguez;R. Parrott;R. Chanock
最近的研究表明，在发达国家，轮状病毒是导致婴儿和幼儿住院治疗的急性胃肠炎的最重要的单一病原体。尽管在发达国家，肠胃炎造成的死亡一般很少见，但有效的轮状病毒疫苗显然有利于减少轮状病毒引起的肠胃炎的严重发病率。在发展中国家，腹泻病的影响是惊人的。最近估计，亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲一年内将出现 35 亿例腹泻病例，并有 5-1000 万人因腹泻死亡；此外，在疾病和死亡率类别中，腹泻的发生频率排名第一。在发展中国家，已知轮状病毒会引起腹泻，但其在高死亡率中的相对作用尚不清楚。流行病学数据表明，开发有效的轮状病毒疫苗将降低发病率，并且疫苗还可以降低腹泻病的部分死亡率。提出了开发有效的轮状病毒疫苗的前景和方法。最近 2 型轮状病毒在细胞培养中的成功繁殖代表了这方面的重要一步。此外，人类和动物菌株之间的抗原关系提供了另一种可能的方法。局部肠道免疫在抵抗轮状病毒疾病方面发挥的主要作用表明了对减毒活疫苗的需求。
Recent studies have shown that in developed countries rotaviruses are the single most important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis that requires hospitalization of infants and young children. Although deaths from gastroenteritis are, in general, infrequent in the developed countries, an effective rotavirus vaccine would clearly be of benefit to reduce the heavy toll of morbidity from gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. In the developing countries the impact of diarrheal diseases is staggering. It was recently estimated that in Asia, Africa, and Latin-America during a one-year period there would be 3.5 billion cases of diarrhea and 5-10 million deaths associated with diarrhea; in addition, diarrhea was ranked first in freqency in the categories of disease and mortality. In the developing countries rotaviruses are known to cause diarrhea, but their relative role in this high mortality rate is not yet known. epidemiologic data indicate that development of an effective rotavirus vaccine would reduce morbidity, and they suggest that a vaccine would also reduce a portion of the mortality from diarrheal disease. The prospects and approaches for the development of an effective rotavirus vaccine are presented. The recent successful propagation of rotavirus type 2 in cell culture represents an important step in this regard. In addition, the antigenic relation between human and animal strains offers another possible approach. The need for a live attenuated vaccine is indicated by the prime role played by local intestinal immunity in resistance to rotavirus disease.